Comparative anatomy of Urogenital systems

Question 1

What are kidneys surrounded by?

Answer 1

Sublumbar fascia, this holds fat and protects the kidney from its internal environment

Question 2

Which animal has a lobated kidney?

Answer 2

A cow

Question 3

What is the parenchyma of the kidney?

Answer 3

Solid part of the kidney where waste excretion takes place

Question 4

What are unipyramidal kidneys?

Answer 4

When all the pyramids of the kidney fuse together to form one

Question 5

What is the blood supply to the kidney?

Answer 5

Supplied through the renal artery and drained through the renal vein

Question 6

What is the name of the functional units within the kidneys?

Answer 6

renal tubules/ nephrons

Question 7

Where do the sympathetic nerves in the kidneys travel through/

Answer 7

celiacomesenteric
plexus and through renal arteries

Question 8

Which nerve contributes the parasympathetic supply of the kidney?

Answer 8

The vagus nerve

Question 9

Where does the contracted bladder rest?

Answer 9

On top of the pubic bones when contracted

Question 10

Where does the urethra open in the female?

Answer 10

ventral to the vagina and vestibule

Question 11

Where does the male urethra begin and end?

Answer 11

Starts at an internal orifice in the bladder and ends at an external orifice in the penis

Question 12

What is the urethra a common track for in males?

Answer 12

both sperm and urine

Question 13

How does the ureter penetrate the bladder?

Answer 13

obliquely/ at an angle

Question 14

What occurs when pressure is raised in the bladder?

Answer 14

The ureter is pressed against the top of the bladder which prevents urine from flowing backwards

Question 15

What is the major arterial blood supply to the bladder?

Answer 15

Caudal vesical artery

Question 16

Where does the caudal vesical artery arise from?

Answer 16

uterine (females) or prostatic (males) branch of the internal pudendal artery

Question 17

Where does blood leave from the bladder?

Answer 17

The cranial vesical artery

Question 18

Where do autonomic nerve fibres enter the bladder?

Answer 18

sympathetic hypogastric and parasympathetic pelvic nerves

Question 19

Where are the sensory and motor nerves of the bladder carried through?

Answer 19

pudendal nerve

Question 20

What are the 4 organs of the urogenital system?

Answer 20

Bladder, Kidneys, Urethra and ureter

Question 21

What can be a potential issue with catheterisation in bitches?

Answer 21

The urethra contains a sub-urethral diverticulum, which can catch

Question 22

Where are the lateral vesical folds found?

Answer 22

Either side of the bladder, they attach to the pelvic region

Question 23

What are the sections of the renal medulla?

Answer 23

a darker outer zone that extends into the cortex and a paler inner zone that extends towards the renal sinus

Question 24

What species of animal have a single medullary mass rather than pyramids in their kidney?

Answer 24

Dogs, Horse and Sheep

otherwise known as unilobular

Question 25

Where do the uterine/ prostatic arteries arise from?

Answer 25

They are branches of the internal pudendal artery which arises from the caudal vesical artery

Question 26

What joins onto the pelvic part of the male urethra?

Answer 26

The deferent duct

Question 27

What does the cortex of the kidney look like?

Answer 27

a reddish brown colour with a fine granular appearance (contains renal corpuscles)

Question 28

What does the central layer of the kidney look like?

Answer 28

The central layer/ medulla is striated

Question 29

What are the two zones of the medulla of the kidney?

Answer 29

There is a dark outer zone

Question 30

Where does the apex of the pyramid point towards?

Answer 30

The apex of the pyramid points towards the renal sinus-forms papilla that makes a cup-like expansion

Question 31

What are the three folds that attach the bladder to the abdominal/pelvic wall?

Answer 31

paired lateral vesical folds and a median fold

Question 32

Where is the bladder in terms of peritoneum?

Answer 32

It is mostly retroperitoneal but when contracted can enter the peritoneum

Question 33

Which species has capsular veins on their surface?

Answer 33

Cats