Comparative anatomy of Urogenital systems Flashcards
What are kidneys surrounded by?
Sublumbar fascia, this holds fat and protects the kidney from its internal environment
Which animal has a lobated kidney?
A cow
What is the parenchyma of the kidney?
Solid part of the kidney where waste excretion takes place
What are unipyramidal kidneys?
When all the pyramids of the kidney fuse together to form one
What is the blood supply to the kidney?
Supplied through the renal artery and drained through the renal vein
What is the name of the functional units within the kidneys?
renal tubules/ nephrons
Where do the sympathetic nerves in the kidneys travel through/
celiacomesenteric
plexus and through renal arteries
Which nerve contributes the parasympathetic supply of the kidney?
The vagus nerve
Where does the contracted bladder rest?
On top of the pubic bones when contracted
Where does the urethra open in the female?
ventral to the vagina and vestibule
Where does the male urethra begin and end?
Starts at an internal orifice in the bladder and ends at an external orifice in the penis
What is the urethra a common track for in males?
both sperm and urine
How does the ureter penetrate the bladder?
obliquely/ at an angle
What occurs when pressure is raised in the bladder?
The ureter is pressed against the top of the bladder which prevents urine from flowing backwards
What is the major arterial blood supply to the bladder?
Caudal vesical artery
Where does the caudal vesical artery arise from?
uterine (females) or prostatic (males) branch of the internal pudendal artery
Where does blood leave from the bladder?
The cranial vesical artery
Where do autonomic nerve fibres enter the bladder?
sympathetic hypogastric and parasympathetic pelvic nerves
Where are the sensory and motor nerves of the bladder carried through?
pudendal nerve
What are the 4 organs of the urogenital system?
Bladder, Kidneys, Urethra and ureter
What can be a potential issue with catheterisation in bitches?
The urethra contains a sub-urethral diverticulum, which can catch
Where are the lateral vesical folds found?
Either side of the bladder, they attach to the pelvic region
What are the sections of the renal medulla?
a darker outer zone that extends into the cortex and a paler inner zone that extends towards the renal sinus
What species of animal have a single medullary mass rather than pyramids in their kidney?
Dogs, Horse and Sheep
otherwise known as unilobular
Where do the uterine/ prostatic arteries arise from?
They are branches of the internal pudendal artery which arises from the caudal vesical artery
What joins onto the pelvic part of the male urethra?
The deferent duct
What does the cortex of the kidney look like?
a reddish brown colour with a fine granular appearance (contains renal corpuscles)
What does the central layer of the kidney look like?
The central layer/ medulla is striated
What are the two zones of the medulla of the kidney?
There is a dark outer zone
Where does the apex of the pyramid point towards?
The apex of the pyramid points towards the renal sinus-forms papilla that makes a cup-like expansion
What are the three folds that attach the bladder to the abdominal/pelvic wall?
paired lateral vesical folds and a median fold
Where is the bladder in terms of peritoneum?
It is mostly retroperitoneal but when contracted can enter the peritoneum
Which species has capsular veins on their surface?
Cats
