The Lower Limb - S1P6

Question 1

articular surfaces of hip joint

Answer 1

head of femur and lunate surface of pelvis

Question 2

hip joint type

Answer 2

synovial ball and socket

Question 3

3 capsular ligaments of hip joint

Answer 3

iliofemoral
ischiofemoral
pubofemoral

Question 4

3 intracapsular structures of hip joint

Answer 4

acetabular labrum
ligamentum teres
transverse acetabular labrum

Question 5

movements of hip joint

Answer 5

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, lateral/external rotation, medial/internal rotation, circumduction

Question 6

regions of lower limb

Answer 6

thigh region - anterior and posterior
femoral region - anterior and posterior
femoral triangle
knee region
leg region
ankle region
talocrural region
foot region

Question 7

knee region

Answer 7

anterior - patellar region
posterior - popliteal fossa

Question 8

foot region

Answer 8

sole - plantar region
dorsum
medial border
lateral border

Question 9

muscles of the gluteal region

Answer 9

gluteus maximus
gluteus minimus
piriformus muscle
superior and inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris

Question 10

action, origin, insertion and innervation of gluteus maximus

Answer 10

action - thigh extension, external rotation, abduction and adduction
origin - lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, gluteal surface of ilium, thoracolumbar fascia and sacrotuberous ligament
insertion - iliotiberal tract, gluteal tuberosity
innervation - inferior gluteal nerve

Question 11

action, origin, insertion and innervation of gluteus minimus

Answer 11

action - thigh abduction and internal rotation, pelvis stabilisation
origin - gluteal surface of ilium
insertion - anterior aspect of greater trochanter
innervation - superior gluteal nerve

Question 12

action, origin, insertion and innervation of piriformis

Answer 12

action - thigh external rotation and abduction, stabilisation of head of femur in acetabulum
origin - anterior surface of sacrum, gluteal surface of ilium
insertion - greater trochanter
innervation - nerve to piriformis

Question 13

muscles of anterior thigh

Answer 13

tensor fasciae latae
psoas major and minor
iliac muscle
sartorius
vastus lateralis
rectus femoris
vastus medialis
from lateral to medial - vas. lat., rec. fem., vas. med.

Question 14

muscles of the medial thigh

Answer 14

adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
gracilis muscle
sartorius muscle

Question 15

muscles and tendons of the posterior thigh

Answer 15

semimembranosus muscle
semitendinosus muscle
long and short heads of biceps femoris
biceps femoris tendon

Question 16

innervation of posterior thigh

Answer 16

sciatic nerve

Question 17

what type of joint is the knee

Answer 17

synovial axial

Question 18

what are the 2 extracapsular ligaments of the knee

Answer 18

medial collateral ligaments
lateral collateral ligament

Question 19

what are the 4 intracapsular ligaments of the knee

Answer 19

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
medial meniscus
lateral meniscus

Question 20

what direction do the collateral ligaments run

Answer 20

superior to inferior

Question 21

what shape are the menisci

Answer 21

semicircle

Question 22

where does the transverse ligament of the knee run

Answer 22

transverse plane, posterior surface of the knee, joins medial and lateral menisci posteriorly

Question 23

structures of the superficial posterior leg

Answer 23

medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle
calcaneal tendon
plantaris muscle
popliteus muscle

Question 24

innervation of the posterior leg

Answer 24

tibial nerve

Question 25

where does the popliteus muscle lie

Answer 25

deep to gastrocnemius transverse/oblique plane posterior and inferior to the knee think popliteal fossa

Question 26

what is plantar flexion

Answer 26

movement of the foot downwards away from body

Question 27

what is dorsiflexion

Answer 27

movement of foot upwards towards body

Question 28

what is the talocrural joint and what movements is it responsible for

Answer 28

'ankle' joint plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

Question 29

what movements are the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints responsible for

Answer 29

inversion and eversion of the foot

Question 30

innervation of the anterior leg

Answer 30

deep fibular nerve

Question 31

innervation of the lateral leg

Answer 31

superficial fibular nerve

Question 32

structures of the anterior leg

Answer 32

from medial to lateral tibialis anterior muscle extensor hallucis longus muscle extensor digitorum longus muscle fibularis tertius muscle

Question 33

structures of the lateral leg

Answer 33

fibularis brevis muscle fibularis longus muscle

Question 34

structures of the deep posterior leg

Answer 34

from medial to lateral flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior muscle flexor hallucis longus