Joints of the Upper Limb - S1P7

Question 1

features of synovial joints

Answer 1

potential space
synovial fluid
joint capsule
usually reinforced by intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments
articular hyaline cartilage

Question 2

plane joints

Answer 2

usually uniaxial
permit gliding of sliding movements
e.g. acromioclavicular joint

Question 3

hinge joint

Answer 3

uniaxial
permit flexion and extension only
e.g. elbow joint

Question 4

saddle joint

Answer 4

biaxial
saddle shaped head permits movement in two different planes
e.g. carpometacarpal joints

Question 5

condyloid joints

Answer 5

biaxial
permit flexion and extension, abduction and adduction and circumduction
e.g. metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 6

ball and socket joint

Answer 6

multiaxial joint
a rounded head fits into a concavity permitting movement on several axes
e.g. hip, shoulder

Question 7

pivot joint

Answer 7

uniaxial
a rounded process of bone fits into a bony ligamentous socket, permitting rotation
e.g. atlantoaxial joint

Question 8

features of the proximal humerus

Answer 8

head
anatomical neck
surgical neck
greater tubercle
lesser tubercle
intertubercular sulcus
deltoid tuberoisty

Question 9

features of the scapula

Answer 9

subscapular fossa
coracoid process
acromium
glenoid fossa

Question 10

borders of the scapula

Answer 10

lateral
medial
superior

Question 11

angles of the scapula

Answer 11

inferior
superior
acromial

Question 12

sternoclavicular joint

Answer 12

where the sternum meets the clavicle

Question 13

joint features of the shoulder

Answer 13

head of humerus
glenoid cavity
glenoid labrum
joint capsule
joint cavity

Question 14

shoulder - capsule and ligaments

Answer 14

glenohumeral - superior, medial, inferior and spiral, connect humerus to glenoid fossa
coracohumeral -
coracoacromial - from coracoid process to acromion
transverse humeral -

Question 15

glenohumeral joint

Answer 15

ball and socket joint between glenoid fossa and humeral head

Question 16

acromioclavicular joint

Answer 16

joint between acromion and clavicle

Question 17

origin and insertion of SGHL

Answer 17

O - apex of glenoid fossa near root of coracoid process
I - upper portion of lesser tubercle of humerus

Question 18

origin and insertion of IGHL

Answer 18

O - inferior edge of glenoid fossa
I - anatomical neck of humerus, just above lesser tuberosity

Question 19

origin and insertion of MGHL

Answer 19

o - medial edge of glenoid fossa
i - lower part of lesser tubercle

Question 20

origin and insertion of the SpGHL

Answer 20

o - infraglenoid tubercle
i - lesser tubercle with subscapularis tendon

Question 21

what are the bands of the coracohumeral ligament

Answer 21

superior and inferior

Question 22

rotator cuff muscles

Answer 22

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Question 23

superficial posterior shoulder muscles

Answer 23

trapezius
deltoid
latissimus dorsi

Question 24

deep posterior shoulder muscles

Answer 24

rhomboid major and minor
levator scapulae
teres major

Question 25

anterior shoulder muscles

Answer 25

pectoralis major seratus anterior

Question 26

posterior arm muscles, innervation and function

Answer 26

triceps brachii radial nerve extension

Question 27

anterior compartment of the arm

Answer 27

biceps brachii - short and long heads coracobrachialis - deep to short head biceps brachii muscluocutaneous nerve flexion

Question 28

features of the distal humerus

Answer 28

trochlea capitulum coronoid fossa radial fossa medial epicondyl lateral epicondyl olecranon fossa

Question 29

features of the proximal radius

Answer 29

head neck tuberosity

Question 30

features of the proximal ulna

Answer 30

olecranon coronoid process tuberosity radial notch

Question 31

boney features of the elbow joint

Answer 31

capitulum + radius trochlea + ulna uniaxial hinge flexion and extension

Question 32

elbow ligaments

Answer 32

medial collateral ligaments - ulnar lateral collateral ligaments - radial

Question 33

posterior compartment of forearm

Answer 33

brachioradialis radial nerve flexion from midprone

Question 34

features of the distal radius

Answer 34

styloid process convex anteriorly ulnar notch

Question 35

features of the distal ulna

Answer 35

head styloid process

Question 36

boney features of the wrist joint

Answer 36

radius proximal row of carpals articular disc condyloid synovial joint flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

Question 37

ligaments of the wrist

Answer 37

palmar radiocarpal palmar ulnocarpal dorsal radiocarpal ulnar collateral radial collateral

Question 38

proximal radioulnar joint features

Answer 38

annular ligament within elbow joint capsule pivot synovial supination/pronation

Question 39

distal radioulnar joint features

Answer 39

articular disc within wrist joint capsule pivot synovial supination/pronation

Question 40

flexion of wrist

Answer 40

anterior compartment of forearm

Question 41

extension of wrist

Answer 41

posterior compartment forearm

Question 42

adduction of wrist

Answer 42

medial carpi muscles of forearm

Question 43

abduction of wrist

Answer 43

lateral carpi muscles of forearm

Question 44

compartments of the forearm

Answer 44

superficial, intermediate, deep 4 - 1 = 3

Question 45

superficial muscles of the forearm

Answer 45

pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris think Pass Fail Pass Fail common flexor origin

Question 46

intermediate muscle of forearm

Answer 46

flexor digitorum superficialis from humerus/ulna/radius to middle phalanges - digits 2-5

Question 47

deep muscles of forearm

Answer 47

from ulna or radius and interosseous to distal phalanges - flexor pollicis longus - flexor digitorum profundus from ulna to radius - pronator quadratus - in transverse plane

Question 48

contents of the carpal tunnel

Answer 48

long flexor tendons median nerve

Question 49

flexor retinaculum

Answer 49

transverse carpal ligament produces osseofibrous carpal tunnel which structures pass through from forearm into palm of hand

Question 50

reduction in size of carpal tunnel will affect which structure

Answer 50

median nerve

Question 51

sensory deficits of carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 51

skin of hand supplied by median nerve - lateral 3.5 digits

Question 52

motor deficits of carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 52

muscles supplied by median nerve via recurrent median nerve - 3 muscles of thenar eminence that act on thumb

Question 53

superficial muscles of posterior forearm

Answer 53

brachioradialis - extends elbow extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris common extensor origin extend hand at wrist extend medial 4 digits

Question 54

deep muscles of posterior forearm

Answer 54

abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor indicis - supinator extend hand at wrist extend/abduct thumb extend index finger supination