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Year 1 - Anatomy > Pelvis and Pelvic Viscera - S2P1 > Flashcards

Pelvis and Pelvic Viscera - S2P1 Flashcards

deck complete

1
Q

female pelvic organs

A

anterior to posterior
bladder
uterus
rectum
overies and fallopian tubes laterally

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2
Q

female perineal openings

A

anterior to posterior
urethra
vagina
anus

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3
Q

features of female bladder

A

detruser muscle
trigone
ureters
median umbilical ligament
short urethra
external urethral sphincter
full bladder extends into abdomen

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4
Q

detrusor muscle

A

muscular bag

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5
Q

trigone

A

flat structure

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6
Q

layers of uterine wall

A

endometrium - inside
myometrium - middle
perimetrium - outside

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7
Q

fimbriae

A

finger like structures

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8
Q

features of female reproductive tract

A

vagina
vaginal fornix
cervical os
cervical canal
uterine wall - endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium
uterine cavity
isthmus
ampulla
infundibulum
ovary
fimbriae
uterine tube

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9
Q

ovaries

A

develop high in abdomen and descend before birth
sit on lateral wall of pelvic cavity
just inferior to pelvic inlet
suspended by mesovarium

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10
Q

ligaments holding ovaries in place

A

proper ovarian ligament
suspensory ligament of ovary - holds all arterial supply and venous drainage - blood supply from abdominal aorta
mesovarium

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11
Q

fallopian tube

A

connects ovaries to uterus
located posterior to ovary
enclosed in mesoalpinx

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12
Q

sections of fallopian tube

A

isthmus - narrowing at uterus
ampulla - area of fertilisation
infundibulum - trumpet shaped opening
fimbriae - finger like projections

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13
Q

features of uterus

A

fundus
body
cervix

small triangular shaped cavity
fallopian tubes enter at lateral margins of fundus

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14
Q

features of vagina

A

fibromuscular tube
from pelvic cavity to perineum
posteriorly oriented

external cervical os
vaginal fornix
vaginal vault
vaginal canal
external opening

urethra embedded in anterior wall
posterior wall close to rectum

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15
Q

features of rectum

A

between sigmoid colon and anus
follows concave curvature of sacrum
muscular wall
mucosal lining

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16
Q

features of anus

A

begins where rectum enters pelvic diaphragm - anorectal junction
encircled by internal and external sphincters
internal lining:
- mucosa and anal columns ending in valves
- valves form circle called pectinate line
- below pectinate line is transition zone
- stratified squamous epithelium
- ‘white line’ transition to normal skin

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17
Q

features of female perineum

A

clitoris - body, glans (only visible part), crus
bulb of vestibule
vestibular gland
labia minora
labia majora
urethral opening
vaginal opening
perineal body

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18
Q

pelvic girdle

A

4 bones
left and right pelvic bones - ilium, ischium and pubis
sacrum
coccyx

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19
Q

ischial tuberosity

A

bony part touching seat when sitting down

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20
Q

features of ilium

A

iliac fossa
iliac crest
arcuate line
iliac spines - anterior superior, anterior inferior, posterior superior, posterior inferior
gluteal surface
gluteal lines

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21
Q

features of ischium

A

body of ischium
ramus of ischium
ischial spine
ischial tuberosity

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22
Q

what is the sciatic notch

A

c-shaped space where sciatic nerve flows through

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23
Q

features of pubis

A

body of pubic
superior ramus
inferior ramus
pectineal line
pubic tubercle
pubic symphysis

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24
Q

sacrum

A

5 fused vertebrae
promontory
ala
anterior and posterior sacral foramena

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25
coccyx
highly variable number usually fused tends to be 4/5
26
joints of the pelvis
sacroiliac joint pubic symphysis lumbosacral joint sacrococcygeal joint
27
features of sacroiliac joint
transmit forces from LL to vertebral column synovial joint limited mobility - interlocking surfaces ossifies with age
28
ligaments of sacroiliac joint
anterior, posterior and interosseous sacroiliac joints
29
features of pubic symphysis
fibrocartilaginous joint hyaline cartilage covers bone
30
ligaments of pubic symphysis
superior and inferior pubic ligaments run in transverse plane across top and bottom of PS joining L&R pubic bones
31
origin and insertion of sacrotuberous ligament
from posterior sacrum to ischial tuberosity
32
origin and insertion of sacrospinous ligament
from anterior sacrum to ischial spine
33
**KEY QUESTION margins of the sacral inlet
sacral promontory margin of alae arcuate line pectineal line
34
**KEY QUESTION margins of sacral outlet
tip of coccyx sacrotuberous ligament ischial tuberosity ischiopubic ramus
35
palpable landmarks of pelvis
iliac crest ASIS pubic tubercle PSIS posterior sacrum coccyx ischial tuberosities - only when sitting down
36
palpable landmarks of perineum
pubic symphysis ischial tuberosities coccyx
37
what is the perineum divided into
urgenital triangle anal triangle perineal body in centre
38
what is micturition
release of urine
39
what is defecation
release of faeces
40
what is parturition
release of baby
41
layers of pelvic muscles
superior to inferior pelvic diaphragm deep perineal muscles superficial perineal muscles
42
muscles of pelvic diaphragm
levator ani coccygeus
43
where are the deep perineal muscles located
only in urogenital triangle
44
male deep perineal muscles
external urethral sphincter - surrounds urethral opening deep transverse perineal - attached to perineal body
45
female deep perineal muscles
external urethral sphincter deep transverse perineal compressor urethrea - parallel to deep TV perineal sphincter urethrovaginalis - surrounds urethral and vaginal openings
46
male superficial perineal muscles
bulbospongiosus - overlies bulb of penis ischiocavernosus - attached to ischial spine, overlies crus of penis superficial transverse perineal - attached to perineal body
47
female superficial perineal muscles
bulbospongiosis - overlies bulb of vestibule ischiocavernosus - attached to ischial spine, overlies crus of clitoris superficial transverse perineal - attached to perineal body
48
male pelvic organs
bladder prostate rectums seminal vesicles posterior to bladder
49
male perineal openings
urethra anus
50
features of male bladder
detruser muscle lines wall trigone located posteriorly ureters enter posteriorly median umbilical ligament anchors anteriorly long urethra - approx 20cm internal and external urethral sphincter full bladder extends into abdomen
51
male urethra
4 divisions - pre-prostatic part - prostatic - membranous - spongy internal and external urethral sphincters
52
features of prostate gland
accessory structure of male reproductive system - production of semen with seminal vesicles opening of ejaculatory ducts into urethra internal urethral sphincter above external urethral sphincter below
53
features of seminal vesicles
located posterior to bladder accessory structure to male reproductive system production of semen with prostate gland coiled numerous times to create pockets seminal vesicles + vas deferens = ejaculatory duct
54
testes and vas deferens
comprised of seminiferous tubules, interstitial tissue and capsule descend from abdomen carry layers of anterior abdominal wall supply structures travel from abdomen epididymis attached to posterior surface vas deferens carry spermatozoa into pelvis
55
features of male perineum
bulb of penis crus of penis body of penis - corpus cavernosum glans of penis corpus spongiosum
56
features of the female peritoneum
recto-uterine pouch vesico-uterine pouch rectum uterine tube uterus round ligament bladder
57
features of male peritonuem
rectovesical pouch rectum bladder
58
branches of the anterior division of the interal iliac artery
umbilical - bladder superior vesical - superior bladder (vas deferens) obturator - adductor region of thigh inferior vesical (m) - bladder, ureters, prostate, seminal vesicles uterine (f) - uterus vaginal (f) - vagina, bladder, rectum middle rectal - rectum internal pudendal - perineum and erectile tissues inferior gluteal - muscles and skin in gluteal region
59
branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery
iliolumbar - posterior abdominal wall lateral sacral - sacral area superior gluteal - muscles and skin in gluteal area
60
venous plexuses surround which structures
bladder rectum prostate uterus vagina all contribute to pelvis plexus
61
somatic innervation
from sacral plexus - s2, 3 and 4 motor and sensory innervation to perineum, posterior thigh, leg and foot via sciatic and pudendal nerves
62
branches of pudendal nerve
inferior rectal n. perineal n.
63
features of cortex of ovaries
connective tissue contains ovarian follicles mature follicles corpus luteum corpus albicans
64
features of medulla of ovaries
blood vessels nerve
65
features of perimetrium
outermost layer of uterus visceral peritoneum
66
features of myometrium
thickest layer of uterus smooth muscles neurovasculature
67
features of endometrium
innermost mucosal layer of uterus basal layer functional layer - rich in glands, thickens and generates blood vessels, sheds during menstruation
68
features of the testes
tunica albuginea connective tissue blood vessels collections of Leydig cells seminiferous tubules

Year 1 - Anatomy (17 decks)

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