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Year 1 - Anatomy > Pelvis and Pelvic Viscera - S2P1 > Flashcards

Pelvis and Pelvic Viscera - S2P1 Flashcards

deck complete

1
Q

female pelvic organs

A

anterior to posterior
bladder
uterus
rectum
overies and fallopian tubes laterally

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2
Q

female perineal openings

A

anterior to posterior
urethra
vagina
anus

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3
Q

features of female bladder

A

detruser muscle
trigone
ureters
median umbilical ligament
short urethra
external urethral sphincter
full bladder extends into abdomen

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4
Q

detrusor muscle

A

muscular bag

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5
Q

trigone

A

flat structure

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6
Q

layers of uterine wall

A

endometrium - inside
myometrium - middle
perimetrium - outside

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7
Q

fimbriae

A

finger like structures

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8
Q

features of female reproductive tract

A

vagina
vaginal fornix
cervical os
cervical canal
uterine wall - endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium
uterine cavity
isthmus
ampulla
infundibulum
ovary
fimbriae
uterine tube

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9
Q

ovaries

A

develop high in abdomen and descend before birth
sit on lateral wall of pelvic cavity
just inferior to pelvic inlet
suspended by mesovarium

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10
Q

ligaments holding ovaries in place

A

proper ovarian ligament
suspensory ligament of ovary - holds all arterial supply and venous drainage - blood supply from abdominal aorta
mesovarium

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11
Q

fallopian tube

A

connects ovaries to uterus
located posterior to ovary
enclosed in mesoalpinx

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12
Q

sections of fallopian tube

A

isthmus - narrowing at uterus
ampulla - area of fertilisation
infundibulum - trumpet shaped opening
fimbriae - finger like projections

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13
Q

features of uterus

A

fundus
body
cervix

small triangular shaped cavity
fallopian tubes enter at lateral margins of fundus

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14
Q

features of vagina

A

fibromuscular tube
from pelvic cavity to perineum
posteriorly oriented

external cervical os
vaginal fornix
vaginal vault
vaginal canal
external opening

urethra embedded in anterior wall
posterior wall close to rectum

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15
Q

features of rectum

A

between sigmoid colon and anus
follows concave curvature of sacrum
muscular wall
mucosal lining

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16
Q

features of anus

A

begins where rectum enters pelvic diaphragm - anorectal junction
encircled by internal and external sphincters
internal lining:
- mucosa and anal columns ending in valves
- valves form circle called pectinate line
- below pectinate line is transition zone
- stratified squamous epithelium
- ‘white line’ transition to normal skin

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17
Q

features of female perineum

A

clitoris - body, glans (only visible part), crus
bulb of vestibule
vestibular gland
labia minora
labia majora
urethral opening
vaginal opening
perineal body

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18
Q

pelvic girdle

A

4 bones
left and right pelvic bones - ilium, ischium and pubis
sacrum
coccyx

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19
Q

ischial tuberosity

A

bony part touching seat when sitting down

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20
Q

features of ilium

A

iliac fossa
iliac crest
arcuate line
iliac spines - anterior superior, anterior inferior, posterior superior, posterior inferior
gluteal surface
gluteal lines

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21
Q

features of ischium

A

body of ischium
ramus of ischium
ischial spine
ischial tuberosity

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22
Q

what is the sciatic notch

A

c-shaped space where sciatic nerve flows through

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23
Q

features of pubis

A

body of pubic
superior ramus
inferior ramus
pectineal line
pubic tubercle
pubic symphysis

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24
Q

sacrum

A

5 fused vertebrae
promontory
ala
anterior and posterior sacral foramena

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25
Q

coccyx

A

highly variable number
usually fused
tends to be 4/5

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26
Q

joints of the pelvis

A

sacroiliac joint
pubic symphysis
lumbosacral joint
sacrococcygeal joint

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27
Q

features of sacroiliac joint

A

transmit forces from LL to vertebral column
synovial joint
limited mobility - interlocking surfaces
ossifies with age

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28
Q

ligaments of sacroiliac joint

A

anterior, posterior and interosseous sacroiliac joints

29
Q

features of pubic symphysis

A

fibrocartilaginous joint
hyaline cartilage covers bone

30
Q

ligaments of pubic symphysis

A

superior and inferior pubic ligaments
run in transverse plane across top and bottom of PS joining L&R pubic bones

31
Q

origin and insertion of sacrotuberous ligament

A

from posterior sacrum
to ischial tuberosity

32
Q

origin and insertion of sacrospinous ligament

A

from anterior sacrum
to ischial spine

33
Q

**KEY QUESTION margins of the sacral inlet

A

sacral promontory
margin of alae
arcuate line
pectineal line

34
Q

**KEY QUESTION margins of sacral outlet

A

tip of coccyx
sacrotuberous ligament
ischial tuberosity
ischiopubic ramus

35
Q

palpable landmarks of pelvis

A

iliac crest
ASIS
pubic tubercle
PSIS
posterior sacrum
coccyx
ischial tuberosities - only when sitting down

36
Q

palpable landmarks of perineum

A

pubic symphysis
ischial tuberosities
coccyx

37
Q

what is the perineum divided into

A

urgenital triangle
anal triangle
perineal body in centre

38
Q

what is micturition

A

release of urine

39
Q

what is defecation

A

release of faeces

40
Q

what is parturition

A

release of baby

41
Q

layers of pelvic muscles

A

superior to inferior
pelvic diaphragm
deep perineal muscles
superficial perineal muscles

42
Q

muscles of pelvic diaphragm

A

levator ani
coccygeus

43
Q

where are the deep perineal muscles located

A

only in urogenital triangle

44
Q

male deep perineal muscles

A

external urethral sphincter - surrounds urethral opening
deep transverse perineal - attached to perineal body

45
Q

female deep perineal muscles

A

external urethral sphincter
deep transverse perineal
compressor urethrea - parallel to deep TV perineal
sphincter urethrovaginalis - surrounds urethral and vaginal openings

46
Q

male superficial perineal muscles

A

bulbospongiosus - overlies bulb of penis
ischiocavernosus - attached to ischial spine, overlies crus of penis
superficial transverse perineal - attached to perineal body

47
Q

female superficial perineal muscles

A

bulbospongiosis - overlies bulb of vestibule
ischiocavernosus - attached to ischial spine, overlies crus of clitoris
superficial transverse perineal - attached to perineal body

48
Q

male pelvic organs

A

bladder
prostate
rectums
seminal vesicles posterior to bladder

49
Q

male perineal openings

A

urethra
anus

50
Q

features of male bladder

A

detruser muscle lines wall
trigone located posteriorly
ureters enter posteriorly
median umbilical ligament anchors anteriorly
long urethra - approx 20cm
internal and external urethral sphincter
full bladder extends into abdomen

51
Q

male urethra

A

4 divisions
- pre-prostatic part
- prostatic
- membranous
- spongy
internal and external urethral sphincters

52
Q

features of prostate gland

A

accessory structure of male reproductive system - production of semen with seminal vesicles
opening of ejaculatory ducts into urethra
internal urethral sphincter above
external urethral sphincter below

53
Q

features of seminal vesicles

A

located posterior to bladder
accessory structure to male reproductive system
production of semen with prostate gland
coiled numerous times to create pockets
seminal vesicles + vas deferens = ejaculatory duct

54
Q

testes and vas deferens

A

comprised of seminiferous tubules, interstitial tissue and capsule
descend from abdomen
carry layers of anterior abdominal wall
supply structures travel from abdomen
epididymis attached to posterior surface
vas deferens carry spermatozoa into pelvis

55
Q

features of male perineum

A

bulb of penis
crus of penis
body of penis - corpus cavernosum
glans of penis
corpus spongiosum

56
Q

features of the female peritoneum

A

recto-uterine pouch
vesico-uterine pouch
rectum
uterine tube
uterus
round ligament
bladder

57
Q

features of male peritonuem

A

rectovesical pouch
rectum
bladder

58
Q

branches of the anterior division of the interal iliac artery

A

umbilical - bladder
superior vesical - superior bladder (vas deferens)
obturator - adductor region of thigh
inferior vesical (m) - bladder, ureters, prostate, seminal vesicles
uterine (f) - uterus
vaginal (f) - vagina, bladder, rectum
middle rectal - rectum
internal pudendal - perineum and erectile tissues
inferior gluteal - muscles and skin in gluteal region

59
Q

branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery

A

iliolumbar - posterior abdominal wall
lateral sacral - sacral area
superior gluteal - muscles and skin in gluteal area

60
Q

venous plexuses surround which structures

A

bladder
rectum
prostate
uterus
vagina

all contribute to pelvis plexus

61
Q

somatic innervation

A

from sacral plexus - s2, 3 and 4
motor and sensory innervation to perineum, posterior thigh, leg and foot
via sciatic and pudendal nerves

62
Q

branches of pudendal nerve

A

inferior rectal n.
perineal n.

63
Q

features of cortex of ovaries

A

connective tissue
contains ovarian follicles
mature follicles
corpus luteum
corpus albicans

64
Q

features of medulla of ovaries

A

blood vessels
nerve

65
Q

features of perimetrium

A

outermost layer of uterus
visceral peritoneum

66
Q

features of myometrium

A

thickest layer of uterus
smooth muscles
neurovasculature

67
Q

features of endometrium

A

innermost mucosal layer of uterus
basal layer
functional layer - rich in glands, thickens and generates blood vessels, sheds during menstruation

68
Q

features of the testes

A

tunica albuginea
connective tissue
blood vessels
collections of Leydig cells
seminiferous tubules

Year 1 - Anatomy (17 decks)

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