Chest Wall and Diaphragm - S2P3 Flashcards
deck complete
what is the thorax
chest wall and thoracic cavity
functions of the chest wall
respiration
protection
muscles attachment
what is in the thoracic cavity
3 major spaces
heart with coverings (pericardium - pericardial cavity) and major vessels
lungs with coverings (pleura - pleural cavity)
movements of the chest wall during inspiration
increases thoracic volume
lower ribs (bucket handle) swing superiorly/laterally
upper ribs (pump handle) - sternum and ribs elevate and move anteriorly
what makes up the chest wall
thoracic vertebrae
ribs
sternum - manubrium, body, xiphoid process
intercostal spaces - intercostal muscles
characteristics of thoracic vertebrae
heart shaped body
costal facets
transverse costal facets
small vertebral foramen
long spinous process
true ribs
1-7
articulate with sternum and own costal cartilage
1st rib scalene tubercle - anterior scalene muscle attaches, subclavian artery passes
false ribs
8-10
articulate via costal margins
floating ribs
11-12
not attaches anteriorly
protect kidneys
characteristics of ribs
head
neck
tubercle
angle - beginning of curve round
costal groove/subcostal groove
parts of the sternum
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
sternal angle
features of the sternum
secondary cartilaginous
slight angle - manubriosternal angle
easy to locate costal cartilage rib 2 here, superior mediastinum above
completes thoracic cage anteriorly
joints of the thorax
intervertebral - between vertebrae
costovertebral - ribs and vertebrae - not ribs 1, 11 and 12
sternocostal - sternum and ribs - 1 primary cartilaginous, 2-7 synovial
interchondral - ribs and costal margin - 7-10, synovial
manubriosternal - sternal angle, important landmark
xiphisternal - between
features of the thoracic diaphragm
separation between thoracic and abdominal cavities
key muscle of respiration
major muscle of inspiration
musculotendinous structure - outer muscular, central tendon
2 domes - left and right
crura - right and left crus, leg like
arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm
medial - middle arches
lateral - side
median - middle, 1
motor innervation of the diaphragm
phrenic nerves - left and right
sensory innervation of the diaphragm
phrenic nerves and intercostal nerves - C3, 4 and 5 keeps your diaphragm alive
accessory muscles of respiration
sternocleidomastoid - elevates sternum
scalene muscles - anterior, middle, posterior
pectoralis major and minor
serrates anterior - elevated ribs to assist inspiration
intercostal muscles - 3 layers
layers of intercostal muscles
external
internal
innermost
external intercostals
most anterior
originate from inferior margin of rib above
attach to superior margin of rib below
fibres pass anteriorly and inferiorly
elevates ribs to assist inspiration
internal intercostals
originates from lateral edge of costal groove of rib above
attaches to superior margin of rib below
passes inferiorly and posteriorly
depresses ribs to assist active expiration
innermost intercostals
originates from medial edge of costal groove of rib above to superior margin of rib below
fibres pass posteriorly and inferiorly
depresses ribs to assist active expiration
intercostal space
between adjacent ribs - intercostal muscles
neurovascular bundle - VAN
between inner and innermost intercostals
intercostal nerves
spinal nerves T1-T11
subcostal nerve T12
motor supply to thoracic wall muscles
arterial supply
posterior intercostal arteries - descending aorta
anterior intercostal arteries - internal thoracic
venous drainage
accompany names of arteries
***KEY QUESTION diaphragmatic openings
caval opening - IVC and right phrenic nerve at T8
oesophageal hiatus - oesophagus and vagus nerve at T10
aortic hiatus (behind) - aorta, thoracic duct and azygous vein at T12
I8 10 EGGs AAT 12
