Head and Neck - S1P3

Question 1

how many bones are in the skull

Answer 1

22

Question 2

what are the 2 parts of the skull

Answer 2

neurocranium and viscerocranium

Question 3

what makes up the neurocranium

Answer 3

frontal
occipital
parietal
temporal
sphenoid

Question 4

what makes up the viscerocranium

Answer 4

maxilla
mandible
inferior nasal conchae
nasal
vomer
lacrimal
zygomatic
palatine

Question 5

mnemonic for viscerocranium

Answer 5

my - mandible
mouths - maxilla
palate - palatine
never - nasal
liked - lacrimal
zucchini - zygomatic
in - inferior nasal conchae
vinegar - vomer

Question 6

cranial fossae

Answer 6

anterior, middle and posterior
anterior houses frontal lobes
posterior houses cerebellum

Question 7

how many cervical vertebrae

Answer 7

C1-C7

Question 8

c1

Answer 8

atlas

Question 9

c2

Answer 9

axis

Question 10

atlantoaxial joint

Answer 10

between c1 and c2

Question 11

which cervical vertebrae are typical

Answer 11

c3-c6

Question 12

which cervical vertebrae are atypical

Answer 12

c1, 2, and 7

Question 13

features of c1

Answer 13

anterior arch much shorter than posterior arch
superior and inferior articular facets
vertebral foramen

Question 14

features of c2

Answer 14

dens and articular surfaces of den - pivot point
transverse ligament
spinous process
vertebral body

Question 15

features of typical cervical vertebrae

Answer 15

vertebral body
lamina
pedicle
transverse foramen

Question 16

major groups of muscles of facial expression

Answer 16

orbital group - moves skin around eyes
nasal group - operates midline
oral group - opening and closing mouth, actions like smiling, eating and drinking

Question 17

muscles of facial expression

Answer 17

orbicularis oculi
frontalis
nasalis - transverse and alar parts
orbicularis oris
zygomaticus minor and major
superficial and deep facial muscles

Question 18

innervation of muscles of facial expression

Answer 18

facial nerve - cranial nerve 7
5 main branches - to zanzibar by motor car
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- marginal and mandibular
- cervical

Question 19

orbicularis oculi

Answer 19

located in eyelids, sphincter, main function to close eyes

Question 20

frontalis

Answer 20

elevates eyebrows

Question 21

nasalis

Answer 21

sphincter like muscle of nose
transverse part
alar part - located in wing of nose, forms nostril

Question 22

orbicularis oris

Answer 22

circular muscle round mouth, serves as attachment site for many other facial muscles

Question 23

zygomaticus minor and major

Answer 23

smiling muscles

Question 24

muscles of mastication

Answer 24

temporalis
masseter
lateral and medial pterygoid

Question 25

innervation of muscles of mastication

Answer 25

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve - cranial nerve 5

Question 26

temporalis

Answer 26

elevates and retracts mandible

Question 27

masseter

Answer 27

elevates mandible and assists protraction, runs up to zygomatic bone

Question 28

lateral and medial pterygoid

Answer 28

lateral movement and protrusion of mandible
slight elevation
specific role of each muscle hard to define but combined function provides side to side movement of mandible

Question 29

muscles of neck

Answer 29

sternocleidomastoid
trapezius
platysma - counts as muscle of facial expression

Question 30

function, origin, insertion and innervation of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 30

function - flexes and laterally rotates neck
origin - anterior surface of manubrium of the sternum, and the clavicle (sternal and clavicular heads)
insertion - mastoid process of temporal bone
innervation - accessory nerve

Question 31

function, origin, insertion and innervation of trapezius

Answer 31

function - elevation, retraction, depression and rotation of scapula, lateral flexion and extension of neck
origin - occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of t1-t12
insertion - lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
innervation - accessory nerve

Question 32

features of trapezius

Answer 32

descending, transverse and ascending fibres

Question 33

function, origin, insertion and innervation of platysma

Answer 33

function - tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible
origin - broad from upper thorax: includes clavicle, acromion, pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
insertion - mandible
innervation - cervical branch of facial nerve

Question 34

cavities of the head and neck

Answer 34

nasal
oral
pharynx
larynx

Question 35

features of nasal cavity

Answer 35

skeletal framework made of bone and cartilage
2 wedge shaped channels separated by septum
upper part of respiratory tract
contains olfactory receptors
paranasal sinuses

Question 36

roof of nasal cavity

Answer 36

ethmoid bone

Question 37

floor of nasal cavity

Answer 37

maxilla and palatine bones

Question 38

septum

Answer 38

nasal septal cartilage

Question 39

sinuses surrounding nasal cavity

Answer 39

paranasal sinuses

Question 40

features of oral cavity

Answer 40

start of digestive tract
functions - digestion, communication, breathing
parotid gland
parotid duct
submandibular gland
sublingual glands

Question 41

roof of oral cavity

Answer 41

hard palate, palatine bones

Question 42

floor of oral cavity

Answer 42

mylohyoid - bowl shaped muscle

Question 43

parotid gland

Answer 43

produces saliva

Question 44

submandibular gland

Answer 44

produces saliva

Question 45

sublingual glands

Answer 45

produces saliva
can’t be palpated

Question 46

parotid duct

Answer 46

secretes saliva

Question 47

sections of pharynx

Answer 47

3 sections
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx