Blood Supply to the Head, Neck and Limbs - S2P7

Question 1

what arteries supply the head and neck

Answer 1

left and right common carotid arteries

Question 2

what structures lie within the carotid sheath

Answer 2

common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
sympathetic plexus

Question 3

what does the common carotid a. bifurcate into

Answer 3

internal carotid a.
external carotid a.

Question 4

what is the carotid sinus

Answer 4

a dilation at the base of the internal carotid a.
contains chemoreceptors and baroreceptors for the brain

Question 5

what is the carotid body

Answer 5

a chemoreceptor located in the adventitia of the bifurcation of the common carotid a.

Question 6

what does the internal carotid a. supply

Answer 6

the brain

Question 7

what does the external carotid a. supply

Answer 7

the face, head and neck

Question 8

what are the branches of the external carotid a.

Answer 8

lingual artery
facial artery
maxillary artery
middle meningeal artery

Question 9

where does the facial artery lie

Answer 9

musculature of the face
remains superficial
anterior to masseter

Question 10

how to find lingual artery

Answer 10

find facial a. first. track back, lingual a. sits just below

Question 11

what does the meningeal a. supply

Answer 11

meninges of the brain
easily ruptures by head trauma on lateral side

Question 12

what forms the circle of willis/cerebral arterial circle

Answer 12

internal carotid arteries merge after carotid canals

Question 13

branches of the internal carotid a.

Answer 13

ophthalmic a.
vertebral a.
basilar a.

Question 14

venous drainage of the head and neck

Answer 14

dural venous sinuses
internal jugular v.
drainage area
external jugular v.
drainage into SCV

Question 15

features of internal jugular v.

Answer 15

majority drainage of brain
runs alongside common carotid a.

Question 16

features of external jugular v.

Answer 16

majority of facial drainage
much smaller than IJV

Question 17

parts of the axillary artery

Answer 17

first second and third

Question 18

first part of axillary a.

Answer 18

before pectoralis minor
1 main branch

Question 19

second part of axillary a.

Answer 19

under pectoralis minor
2 main branches

Question 20

third part of axillary a.

Answer 20

distal to pectoralis minor
3 main branches

Question 21

where does the axillary a. become the brachial a.

Answer 21

once clear of scapular musculature - inferior border of teres major

Question 22

what main branch comes from the brachial artery

Answer 22

profunda brachii

Question 23

where does the brachial artery bifurcate

Answer 23

after passing under bicipital aponeurosis

Question 24

what does the brachial a. bifurcate into

Answer 24

radial and ulnar arteries

Question 25

what are the most major branches of the radial and ulnar arteries

Answer 25

interosseous arteries

Question 26

deep venous return of the arm and forearm

Answer 26

essentially mirrors arterial supply

Question 27

dorsal venous network

Answer 27

plexus on dorsal side

Question 28

cephalic vein

Answer 28

more lateral
remains superficial until shoulder

Question 29

basilic vein

Answer 29

only superficial until elbow then runs deep to join brachial veins
B = body. lies medially

Question 30

at what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate

Answer 30

L4

Question 31

the iliac arteries

Answer 31

abdominal aorta > common iliac a. > internal and external iliac a.

Question 32

what main branch comes from the femoral artery

Answer 32

profunda femoris a.

Question 33

where does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery

Answer 33

popliteal fossa

Question 34

what does the popliteal artery become

Answer 34

posterior tibial a.

Question 35

what does the posterior tibial a. give rise to

Answer 35

lateral and medial plantar arteries

Question 36

what do the plantar arteries supply

Answer 36

medial - big toe
lateral - other toes

Question 37

deep venous return of the lower limb

Answer 37

plantar veins > posterior tibial v. > anterior tibial v. > popliteal v. > femoral v. > external iliac v. > etc

Question 38

superficial venous return of the lower limb

Answer 38

dorsal venous arch > small saphenous v. > popliteal fossa > great saphenous v. > femoral triangle