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Year 1 - Anatomy > The Back, Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord - S1P4 > Flashcards

The Back, Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord - S1P4 Flashcards

deck complete

1
Q

functions of the back

A

supports body weight
transmits forces through pelvis to lower limbs
carry and position head
brace and manoeuvre upper limbs

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2
Q

what makes up the vertebral column

A

33 vertebrae
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral - fused
3/4 coccygeal - fused

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3
Q

primary curvature of the spine

A

thoracic and sacral
concave anteriorly
kyphosis

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4
Q

secondary curvature of the spine

A

cervical and lumbar
concave posteriorly
lordosis

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5
Q

features of typical vertebrae

A

vertebral bodies
vertebral arch made up of pedicle and lamina

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6
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

c1-c7
typical c3-c6
atypical c1, 2 and 7
short bifid spinous processes
triangular vertebral foramen
transverse foramen

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7
Q

c1 - atlas

A

ring shaped
articulated with the head
lacks a vertebral body

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8
Q

c2 - axis

A

dens
- missing body from c1
no intervertebral disc between c1 and c2

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9
Q

c7

A

long spinous process

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10
Q

atlatooccipital joint

A

joins c1 and occipital bone
flexion and extension of head
‘yes’ joint

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11
Q

atlantoaxial joint

A

c1 and 2
rotation of head
‘no’ joint

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12
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

t1-t12
small vertebral foramen
long spinous processes

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13
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

l1-l5
large kidney shaped vertebral body
short and broad spinous processes
triangular vertebral foramen

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14
Q

sacrum

A

5 fused vertebrae

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15
Q

coccyx

A

3/4 fused vertebrae
lacks vertebral arches - no vertebral canal

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16
Q

joints of vertebral column

A

zygapophyseal joints
intervertebral joints

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17
Q

zygapophyseal joints

A

between superior and inferior articular facets
plane synovial joints

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18
Q

mobility of spine

A

cervical - flexion and extension
thoracic and lumbar - limited flexion and extension

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19
Q

intervertebral discs

A

absorb compressive forces
2 parts - anulus fibrosis (outer) and nucleus pulposus (inner)

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20
Q

anulus fibrosis

A

fibrocartilage
limits rotation between vertebrae

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21
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

gelatinous

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22
Q

ligaments of the vertebral column

A

supraspinous ligament
ligamentum nuchae
anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament
ligamenta flava

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23
Q

supraspinous ligament

A

strong fibrous cord joining spinous processes from c7 to sacrum

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24
Q

ligamentum nuchae

A

strong triangular ligament
from occipital bone to c7
helps return head to normal position
acts as muscle attachment site

25
anterior longitudinal ligament
base of skull to sacrum attached to anterior portion of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs
26
posterior longitudinal ligament
from sacrum to c2 lines anterior surface of vertebral canal
27
tectorial membrane
extension of posterior longitudinal ligament, runs from c2 to base of skull lines anterior surface of vertebral canal
28
ligamenta flava
connects ventral side of laminae of adjacent vertebrae broad ligament lines posterior surface of vertebral canal resists separation of laminae in flexion assists in extension back to anatomical position
29
spinal cord
foramen magnum to L1/L2 conus medullaris filum terminale cervical and lumbosacral enlargements
30
conus medullaris
cone shaped distal end of spinal cord
31
filum terminale
anchors spinal cord inferiorly
32
spinal nerves
c1-c8 t1-t12 l1-l5 s1-s5 c0
33
vertebral canal
deep to superficial: pia mater arachnoid mater dura mater
34
muscles of the back
extrinsic intermediate intrinsic
35
function of extrinsic muscles
move upper limbs
36
functions of intermediate muscles
respiratory
37
functions of intrinsic muscles
maintain posture move vertebral column and head
38
extrinsic muscles
trapezius latissimus dorsi rhomboid major and minor levator scapulae
39
action, origin, insertion and innervation of trapezius
action - elevates, rotates, retracts and depresses scapula origin - superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of c7-t12 insertion - spine of scapula, acromion and lateral 1/3 of clavicle innervation - spinal accessory nerve, cranial nerve 11
40
action, origin, insertion and innervation of latissimus dorsi
action - extend, adducts and medially rotates humerus origin - spinous processes of t7-l5 and sacrum iliac crest, ribs 10-12 insertion - intertubercular sulcus of humerus innervation - thoracodorsal nerve, branch of posterior cord of brachial plexus from c6-c8
41
action, origin, insertion and innervation of rhomboid major and minor
action - elevates and retracts scapula origin - minor: spinous processes of c7 and t1. major: spinous processes of t2-t5 insertion - medial border of scapula innervation - dorsal scapular nerve
42
action, origin, insertion and innervation of levator scapulae
action - elevation and inferior rotation of scapula origin - transverse processes of c1-c4 insertion - medial border of scapula innervation - anterior rami of spinal nerves c3 and c4 and dorsal scapular nerve (c5, branch of brachial plexus)
43
intermediate muscles of back
serratus posterior superior serratus posterior inferior
44
action, origin, and insertion of serratus posterior superior
action - elevates ribs 2-5 origin - ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of c7-t3 insertion - ribs 2-5
45
action, origin, and insertion of serratus posterior inferior
action - depresses ribs 9-12 origin - spinous processes of t11-l3 insertion - ribs 9-12
46
function of intrinsic muscles of back
maintain posture move vertebral column - flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation
47
intrinsic muscles of back
spinotransversales muscles erector spinae muscles transversospinales muscles
48
spinotransversales muscles and their actions bilaterally and unilaterally
splenius capitis splenius cervicis action bilaterally - extends cervical and thoracic spine action unilaterally - bends cervical and thoracic spine to same side
49
action, origin, and insertion of splenius capitis
action bilaterally - draw head backwards, extending neck action unilaterally - draw and rotate head to one side origin - ligamentum nuchae insertion - mastoid process on occipital bone
50
action, origin, and insertion of splenius cervicis
action bilaterally - extend neck action unilaterally - draw and rotate head to one side origin - spinous processes t3-t4 insertion - transverse processes c1-c3
51
erector spinae muscles and their actions bilaterally and unilaterally
iliocostalis longissimus spinalis action bilaterally - straighten back and pull head posteriorly action unilaterally - bend vertebral column laterally and turn head to side of contraction
52
action, origin, and insertion of iliocostalis
action bilaterally - extends spine action unilaterally - bends spine laterally origin - common tendon: iliac crest, sacrum, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes insertion - lower ribs and transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
53
action, origin, and insertion of longissimus
action bilaterally - extends head and spine action unilaterally - bends spine laterally, flexes and rotates head origin - common tendon insertion - ribs, thoracic and cervical transverse processes, temporal bone
54
action, origin, and insertion of spinalis
action bilaterally - extends cervical and thoracic spine action unilaterally - bends cervical and thoracic spine origin - common tendon insertion - upper thoracic region spinous processes to skull
55
transversospinalis muscles and their actions bilaterally and unilaterally
semispinalis multifidus rotatores action bilaterally - extend vertebral column action unilaterally - rotation in opposite direction
56
action, origin, and insertion of semispinalis
action bilaterally - extends thoracic and cervical spine and head action unilaterally - bend head, cervical and thoracic spines to same side, rotates to opposite side origin - transverse processes of c4-t12 insertion - occipital bone, thoracic and cervical spinous processes
57
action, origin, and insertion of multifidus
action bilaterally - extends spine action unilaterally - flexes spine to same side, rotates to opposite side origin - sacrum, ilium, mammillary processes of l1-l5, transverse processes of t1-t4 and c4-c7 insertion - spinous processes
58
action, origin, and insertion of rotatores
action bilaterally - extends thoracic spine action unilaterally - rotates thoracic spine to opposite side origin - transverse processes insertion - lamina and transverse processes or spinous processes

Year 1 - Anatomy (17 decks)

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