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Year 1 - Anatomy > Respiratory Tract - S2P4 > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract - S2P4 Flashcards

deck complete

1
Q

divisions of the upper respiratory tract

A

nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
trachea

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2
Q

bones of the nasal cavity

A

frontal bone
ethmoid bone
sphenoid bone
palatine bone
maxilla
inferior nasal concha
lacrimal bone
nasal cartilage
nasal bone

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3
Q

airflow through nasal cavity

A

anterior nares
through conchae - ethmoid bone
posterior names
nasopharynx
turbulent air flow

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4
Q

features of mucosal lining of nasal cavity

A

respiratory mucosa
highly vascular - blood warms air
mucus secreting
ciliated epithelium
goblet cells
olfactory epithelium - smell

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5
Q

features of conchae

A

creates turbulent air flow - increases surface area and warms air
superior, middle and inferior conchae
superior and middle part of ethmoid bone

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6
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

frontal
ethmoidal
sphenoidal
maxillary

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7
Q

features of paranasal sinuses

A

lined with respiratory mucosa
pain with cold - one hole, respiratory mucosa swells and closes hole, builds pressure

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8
Q

openings from sinuses into nasal cavity

A

sphenoid - sphenoethmoidal recess
maxillary - semilunar hiatus
frontal - frontonasal sinus
ethmoidal air cells - many small openings

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9
Q

***KEY QUESTION functions of the nasal cavity

A
  1. warms air - highly vascularised mucosal lining
  2. humidifies air - mucosa moist, saturates air as it passes through
  3. filters air - hairs in nares trap large particles and mucus traps smaller particles
  4. smell - olfactory epithelium on roof of nasal cavity
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10
Q

divisions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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11
Q

boundaries of the nasopharynx

A

anterior - posterior nares
superior - sphenoid and occiput
posterior - pharyngeal constrictor muscles, retropharyngeal space
lateral - mucosal wall
inferior - soft palate

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12
Q

boundaries of the oropharynx

A

superior - soft palate
inferior - upper margin of epiglottis
anterior - continuous with oral cavity
posterior - pharyngeal constrictor muscles
lateral - tonsils, mucosal wall

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13
Q

boundaries of the laryngopharynx

A

superior - upper margin of epiglottis
inferior - 6th cervical vertbrae
anterior - continuous with larynx
posterior - pharyngeal constrictor muscles
lateral - mucosal wall

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14
Q

constrictor muscles of the pharynx

A

superior
middle
inferior

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15
Q

longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

stylopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus

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16
Q

sensory innervation of the pharynx

A

trigeminal nerve
pharyngeal plexus - glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve

17
Q

motor innervation of the pharynx

A

vagus nerve

18
Q

functions of the pharynx

A
  1. passageway - respiratory and digestive
  2. warms and humidifies air - nasopharynx lined with respiratory epithelium
  3. protection from infection - lymphoid tissue - tonsils
  4. speech - sound resonates in the pharynx
19
Q

features of the larynx

A

anterior to c3-6
link between pharynx and trachea
contains voice box/vocal cords
comprised of cartilage and ligaments

20
Q

structure of larynx

A

cartilaginous
- 1 thyroid
- 1 cricoid
- 1 epiglottis
- 2 arytenoid cartilages
adjoining ligaments
- thyrohyoid ligament
- cricothyroid ligament
- quadrangular ligament

21
Q

features of thyroid cartilage

A

superior horn
laryngeal prominence
lamina
inferior horn

22
Q

features of cricoid cartilage

A

arch anteriorly
lamina posteriorly
only place where airway is circled

23
Q

laryngeal muscles

A

cricothyroid muscle
lateral cricoarytenoid*
posterior cricoarytenoid*
transverse arytenoid*
*innervated by recurrent branch of vagus nerve

24
Q

features of vocal cords

A

vocal folds within laynx
chink of glottis
cricovocal membrane
vocal cords
arytenoid cartilages

25
Q

movement of epiglottis and larynx

A

chewing - open
swallowing - closed
hyoid bone moves up, takes larynx structures with it

26
Q

innervation of larynx

A

vagus nerve - superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves
recurrent:
- right side under subclavian a.
- left side under aortic arch
- travel in groove between oesophagus and trachea

27
Q

functions of larynx

A
  1. sound production
  2. protection of lower resp tract when swallowing
  3. passageway to resp system
  4. humidify, warm and filter air
28
Q

features of the trachea

A

continuous inferiorly with larynx
from neck to thorax
anterior to oesophagus
c shaped cartilaginous rings
ends at T4

29
Q

function of the trachea

A

patency - c shaped cartilaginous rings hold airway open
muscociliary escalator - rhythmic wafting of cilia moves particles towards larynx

30
Q

histology in conduction of the respiratory tract

A

passageway for air - warm and humidify, filter
pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
goblet cells - secrete mucus
hyaline cartilage for structural support

31
Q

histology in process of respiratory tract

A

reduction in size of lumen
- decrease in height of cells
- decrease in number of cilia
- decrease in number of goblet cells
- smaller cartilage deposits
- smooth muscle
pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

32
Q

histology in exchange of respiratory tract

A

exchange of gases
simple squamous
macrophages to fight infection
no goblet cells

33
Q

histology - respiratory epithelium

A

pseudostratified
columnar
ciliated - wafting
goblet cells - mucus producing

34
Q

histology - trachea

A

hyaline cartilage - large, holds trachea open
respiratory epithelium
blood vessels

35
Q

histology - bronchiole

A

respiratory epithelium
smooth muscle
alveoli
hyaline cartilage
artery

36
Q

histology - terminal bronchiole

A

simple cuboidal epithelium
no goblet cells
shorter cells
fewer cilia
no cartilage
smooth muscle
pulmonary artery

37
Q

histology - alveoli

A

simple squamous epithelium

Year 1 - Anatomy (17 decks)

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