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Year 1 - Anatomy > Pleural Cavities and Lungs - S2P2 > Flashcards

Pleural Cavities and Lungs - S2P2 Flashcards

deck complete

1
Q

tracheal cartilage

A

c shaped hyaline cartilaginous rings - allows food to pass through oesophagus

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2
Q

where does the trachea bifurcate

A

T9/T10
carina - hook shaped tracheal ring, around sternal angle

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3
Q

what does the trachea bifurcate into

A

right and left main bronchi

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4
Q

features of the right main bronchus

A

wider
vertical
shorter
divides into 3

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5
Q

features of left main bronchus

A

long
more horizontal
thin
divides into 2

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6
Q

process of bronchial tree

A

trachea
main bronchus - PRIMARY
lobar bronchi - 3R 2L, goes to each lobe - SECONDARY
segmental bronchi - TERTIARY
conducting bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
alveoli
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs

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7
Q

features of alveoli

A

microscopic air cells
single layer epithelial cells and elastic fibres line walls - allows stretching and contracting during breathing
surrounded by network of capillaries for gas exchange
coated in thin layer of pulmonary surfactant

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8
Q

what does surfactant do

A

prevents alveoli from collapsing

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9
Q

features of lungs

A

elastic connective tissue
airways
blood vessels
nerves
lymphatic tissue

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10
Q

lobes of the right lung

A

superior
middle
inferior

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11
Q

lobes of the left lung

A

superior
inferior

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12
Q

fissures of the right lung

A

oblique - splits middle and inferior
horizontal - splits superior and middle

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13
Q

fissures of the left lung

A

oblique - splits lobes
lingula - tongue bit

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14
Q

borders of the lungs

A

apex
anterior border
posterior border
inferior border

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15
Q

surfaces of the lungs

A

costal surface
medial surface
diaphragmatic surface - base

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16
Q

what is the hilum of the lungs

A

wedge shaped structure where important structures enter/exit lungs

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17
Q

features of the hilum

A

root - top
hilum
pulmonary ligament

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18
Q

impressions of the right mediastinal surface

A

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
oesophagus
azygos vein

19
Q

impressions of the left mediastinal surface

A

heart
aortic arch
descending thoracic aorta
oesophagus

20
Q

main structures entering hilum

A

primary bronchi
pulmonary arteries - deoxygenated blood

21
Q

main structures exiting hilum

A

pulmonary veins - oxygenated blood

22
Q

other structures of the hilum

A

bronchial arteries and veins
lymph vessels
efferent and afferent autonomic nerves

23
Q

what do the pulmonary arteries bifurcate into

A

lobar and segmental arteries

24
Q

features of the pleural cavity

A

divided into right and left
lining membrane
pleural sac

25
Q

what are the 2 layers of pleura

A

parietal pleura
visceral pleura
continuous pleural membrane - name depends what its lining

26
Q

sections of parietal pleura

A

costal
mediastinal
diaphragmatic
cervical

27
Q

features of visceral pleura

A

adheres to walls of lung
covers surface of each lobe

28
Q

what fills the pleural cavity

A

serous fluid - lubrication/lack of friction stops difficulty breathing

29
Q

midaxillary line

A

from middle of armpit

30
Q

midclavicular line

A

from middle of clavicle

31
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess

A

between costal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura
can fill with air/fluid - press on lungs reducing ability to breathe

32
Q

sections of the mediastinum

A

superior
inferior - anterior, middle and posterior

33
Q

where does the mediastinum divide

A

where the trachea bifurcates

34
Q

contents of the superior mediastinum

A

great vessels
thymus - typically only seen in children
oesophagus
trachea
vagus nerves
phrenic nerves
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
thoracic duct

35
Q

middle mediastinum contents

A

heart
pericardium
great vessels
trachea

36
Q

posterior mediastinum contents

A

thoracic aorta
azygous vein
main bronchi
oesophagus
vagus nerves
phrenic nerves
posterior intercostal arteries and veins
thoracic duct

37
Q

innervation of parietal pleura

A

somatic innervation - can feel pain

38
Q

innervation of costal pleura

A

intercostal nerves

39
Q

innervation of mediastinal pleura

A

phrenic nerves - C3, 4 and 5

40
Q

innervation of the diaphragmatic pleura

A

phrenic nerves
lower 5 intercostal nerves to periphery

41
Q

innervation of the visceral pleura

A

autonomic innervation - wont feel pain but can feel stretch

42
Q

what does the vagus nerve supply

A

parasympathetic supply to all organs of thorax

43
Q

what does the phrenic nerve supply

A

motor and sensory innervation to diaphragm

Year 1 - Anatomy (17 decks)

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