Blood Supply to the Body Regions - S2P6

Question 1

function of arteries

Answer 1

transport blood away from heart

Question 2

systemic arterial system

Answer 2

oxygen rich blood

Question 3

pulmonary arterial system

Answer 3

oxygen poor blood

Question 4

sections of aorta

Answer 4

ascending
arch
descending thoracic
abdominal

Question 5

branches of ascending aorta

Answer 5

right and left coronary arteries
arise from right and left coronary sinuses respectively

Question 6

branches of aortic arch

Answer 6

brachiocephalic trunk giving rise to right common carotid a. and right subclavian a.
left common carotid a.
left subclavian a.
right and left subclavian arteries - arterial supply to upper limbs
right and left common carotid arteries - arterial supply to head and neck

Question 7

features of descending aorta

Answer 7

lies posterior to root of left lung, pericardium and oesophagus

Question 8

branches of descending thoracic aorta

Answer 8

oesophageal aa.
bronchial aa.
9 pairs of posterior intercostal aa.
subcostal aa.
superior phrenic aa.
pericardial aa.

Question 9

what are the posterior intercostal aa. part of

Answer 9

intercostal neurovascular bundles

Question 10

where do the subcostal arteries lie and what do they supply

Answer 10

just below 12th rib, supply superior aspect of diaphragm

Question 11

what do the pericardial arteries supply

Answer 11

pericardial sac

Question 12

features of internal thoracic arteries

Answer 12

come from subclavian arteries
descend on internal surface of thorax lateral to sternum
give rise to anterior intercostal aa.
terminate at 6th intercostal space
bifurcates into superior epigastric a. and musculophrenic a.

Question 13

where do the internal thoracic veins drain to

Answer 13

brachiocephalic veins

Question 14

at what level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm

Answer 14

T12

Question 15

branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 15

inferior phrenic a.
coeliac trunk
superior mesenteric a.
inferior mesenteric a.
gonadal aa. - either testicular or ovarian
renal a.
lumbar aa.
common iliac aa.

Question 16

what does the coeliac trunk supply

Answer 16

foregut
- abdominal oesophagus
- stomach
- 1st part of duodenum
- spleen
- pancreas
- liver
- gallbladder

Question 17

what does the superior mesenteric a. supply

Answer 17

midgut
- distal duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
- caecum
- ascending colon
- 1/2 transverse colon

Question 18

what does the inferior mesenteric a. supply

Answer 18

hindgut
- 1/2 transverse colon
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
- superior portion of rectum

Question 19

where do the renal arteries arise from

Answer 19

lateral surfaces of abdominal aorta

Question 20

what to the suprarenal/adrenal arteries supply

Answer 20

suprarenal/adrenal gland

Question 21

pelvic arterial supply

Answer 21

abdominal aorta - common iliac - external iliac - femoral
AA - CI - internal iliac - posterior and anterior divisions of internal iliac

Question 22

features of the venous system

Answer 22

transports blood towards heart
thin walled vessels
large diameter compared to arteries
contain valves to prevent backflow
venae commitantes
systemic and portal venous system within abdomen

Question 23

major aspects of venous system

Answer 23

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

Question 24

features of brachiocephalic veins

Answer 24

union of jugular and subclavian veins
drain head, neck and upper limbs
R&L brachiocephalic veins unit to form superior vena cave

Question 25

features of the azygos system

Answer 25

drains blood from body wall into superior vena cava
azygos vein - right
hemiazygos vein - left
accessory hemiazygos vein - left

Question 26

features of the azygos vein

Answer 26

arises from L1/L2
formed by R ascending lumbar and subcostal veins
joins SVC at T4

Question 27

features of hemiazygos vein

Answer 27

arise from L ascending lumbar and subcostal veins
joins azygos v. at T9

Question 28

features of accessory hemiazygos vein

Answer 28

arises from L posterior intercostal vv.
joins azygos v. at T8

Question 29

where must everything from left hand side drain

Answer 29

into right hand side then superior vena cava

Question 30

where do the left intercostal veins drain

Answer 30

into left brachiocephalic v.

Question 31

venous drainage of the abdomen

Answer 31

common iliac vv. - external and internal
gonadal vv.
inferior vena cava
renal vv.
lumbar vv.
inferior phrenic vv.

Question 32

portal venous system

Answer 32

carries oxygen poor/nutrient rich blood to liver from digestive tract - gallbladder, pancreas, spleen
hepatic portal vein
divides into R&L portal veins as it approaches liver

Question 33

portal systemic anastomoses

Answer 33

provide collateral circulation in case of obstruction to liver/portal vein
1. gastroesophageal junction
2. anal canal and rectum
3. umbilicus
4. secondary retroperitoneal viscera

Question 34

features of the lymphatic system

Answer 34

one way system
returns excess fluid from capillaries to circulatory system

Question 35

what is lymph

Answer 35

lymph = pure spring water
clear, yellowish fluid
similar to blood plasma - water, proteins, glucose, lipids, lymphocytes

Question 36

route of interstitial fluid

Answer 36

lymphatic capillaries
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
lymph trunks
lymph ducts
empty into venous drainage

Question 37

lymph nodes

Answer 37

pericranial - base of head
cervical - along course of internal jugular v.
tracheal - related to trachea and bronchi
axillary - in axilla
deep - related to aorta and coeliac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric a.
inguinal - along course of inguinal ligament
femoral - along course of femoral vein

Question 38

lymphatic ducts

Answer 38

right lymphatic duct
thoracic duct