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Anatomy of The Abdomen > The Large Intestine and Appendix > Flashcards

The Large Intestine and Appendix Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

A

The primary function of the large intestine is absorption of water and electrolytes.

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2
Q

What are the main segments of the large intestine?

A

The main segments of the large intestine are the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal.

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3
Q

What is the first segment of the large intestine, following the ileum?

A

The first segment of the large intestine, following the ileum, is the cecum.

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4
Q

Which part of the large intestine is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes?

A

The colon is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes.

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5
Q

What are haustra?

A

Haustra are pouch-like structures along the length of the colon.

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6
Q

What is the function of haustra in the large intestine?

A

The function of haustra in the large intestine is to allow for distension and propulsion of fecal material.

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7
Q

What are taeniae coli?

A

Taeniae coli are longitudinal bands of smooth muscle along the outer surface of the colon.

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8
Q

How many taeniae coli are there, and how are they arranged?

A

There are three taeniae coli arranged longitudinally along the colon.

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9
Q

What is the significance of the taeniae coli in the large intestine?

A

The significance of the taeniae coli in the large intestine is that they contract lengthwise to produce the haustra.

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10
Q

What are the main arterial blood supplies to the large intestine?

A

The main arterial blood supplies to the large intestine are the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA).

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11
Q

What is the venous drainage of the large intestine?

A

The venous drainage of the large intestine involves the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) draining into the portal vein.

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12
Q

Describe the innervation of the large intestine.

A

The innervation of the large intestine includes sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation from the autonomic nervous system.

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13
Q

What is the appendix?

A

The appendix is a blind-ended tube connected to the cecum.

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14
Q

What is the location of the appendix?

A

The location of the appendix is in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen.

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15
Q

What is the arterial blood supply to the appendix?

A

The arterial blood supply to the appendix is via the appendicular artery, a branch of the ileocolic artery.

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16
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the appendix.

A

The venous drainage of the appendix drains into the portal venous system.

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17
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the appendix?

A

The lymphatic drainage of the appendix involves appendicular lymph nodes.

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18
Q

What are the functions of the appendix?

A

The functions of the appendix include housing lymphoid tissue with immune cells and a possible role in gut immunity.

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19
Q

What is the embryological origin of the appendix?

A

The embryological origin of the appendix is from the embryonic hindgut.

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20
Q

Describe the histological structure of the appendix.

A

The histological structure of the appendix includes mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.

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21
Q

What are the main anatomical features of the cecum?

A

The main anatomical features of the cecum include its pouch-like structure and location at the beginning of the large intestine.

22
Q

What is the significance of the ileocecal valve?

A

The significance of the ileocecal valve is to prevent backflow of fecal material from the cecum into the ileum.

23
Q

Describe the structure and function of the vermiform appendix.

A

The structure and function of the vermiform appendix involve a finger-like projection from the cecum with unknown function in humans.

24
Q

What is the mesoappendix?

A

The mesoappendix is a peritoneal fold attaching the appendix to the mesentery of the ileum.

25
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the cecum.

A

The arterial supply to the cecum is from the ileocolic artery.

26
Q

What are the lymphatic drainage patterns of the cecum?

A

The lymphatic drainage patterns of the cecum involve ileocolic lymph nodes.

27
Q

Explain the clinical significance of the cecum.

A

The clinical significance of the cecum includes its potential inflammation leading to appendicitis.

28
Q

What are the anatomical features of the ascending colon?

A

The anatomical features of the ascending colon include its location from the cecum to the hepatic flexure.

29
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the ascending colon.

A

The arterial supply to the ascending colon includes the ileocolic artery and right colic artery.

30
Q

Explain the lymphatic drainage of the ascending colon.

A

The lymphatic drainage of the ascending colon involves ileocolic lymph nodes and superior mesenteric lymph nodes.

31
Q

What are the anatomical features of the hepatic flexure?

A

The anatomical features of the hepatic flexure include its angular junction between the ascending colon and transverse colon.

32
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the hepatic flexure.

A

The arterial supply to the hepatic flexure includes the right colic artery.

33
Q

Explain the lymphatic drainage of the hepatic flexure.

A

The lymphatic drainage of the hepatic flexure involves superior mesenteric lymph nodes.

34
Q

What are the anatomical features of the transverse colon?

A

The anatomical features of the transverse colon include its horizontal portion from the hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure.

35
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the transverse colon.

A

The arterial supply to the transverse colon includes the middle colic artery and left colic artery.

36
Q

Explain the lymphatic drainage of the transverse colon.

A

The lymphatic drainage of the transverse colon involves superior mesenteric lymph nodes and colic lymph nodes.

37
Q

What are the anatomical features of the splenic flexure?

A

The anatomical features of the splenic flexure include its angular junction between the transverse colon and descending colon.

38
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the splenic flexure.

A

The arterial supply to the splenic flexure includes the left colic artery.

39
Q

Explain the lymphatic drainage of the splenic flexure.

A

The lymphatic drainage of the splenic flexure involves inferior mesenteric lymph nodes.

40
Q

What are the anatomical features of the descending colon?

A

The anatomical features of the descending colon include its portion from the splenic flexure to the sigmoid colon.

41
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the descending colon.

A

The arterial supply to the descending colon includes the left colic artery and sigmoid arteries.

42
Q

Explain the lymphatic drainage of the descending colon.

A

The lymphatic drainage of the descending colon involves inferior mesenteric lymph nodes.

43
Q

What are the anatomical features of the sigmoid colon?

A

The anatomical features of the sigmoid colon include its S-shaped portion connecting the descending colon to the rectum.

44
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the sigmoid colon.

A

The arterial supply to the sigmoid colon includes sigmoid arteries.

45
Q

Explain the lymphatic drainage of the sigmoid colon.

A

The lymphatic drainage of the sigmoid colon involves inferior mesenteric lymph nodes and internal iliac lymph nodes.

46
Q

What are the anatomical features of the rectum?

A

The anatomical features of the rectum include its terminal portion before the anal canal.

47
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the rectum.

A

The arterial supply to the rectum includes the superior rectal artery (from inferior mesenteric artery), middle rectal artery (from internal iliac artery), and inferior rectal artery (from internal pudendal artery).

48
Q

Explain the lymphatic drainage of the rectum.

A

The lymphatic drainage of the rectum involves inferior mesenteric lymph nodes and internal iliac lymph nodes.

49
Q

What are the anatomical features of the anal canal?

A

The anatomical features of the anal canal include its terminal portion before the anus.

50
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the anal canal.

A

The arterial supply to the anal canal includes the superior rectal artery (from inferior mesenteric artery), middle rectal artery (from internal iliac artery), and inferior rectal artery (from internal pudendal artery).

Anatomy of The Abdomen (28 decks)

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