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Anatomy of The Abdomen > Gross Anatomy of The Small Intestine > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy of The Small Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the length of the small intestine in adults?

A

Length of small intestine: Approximately 6-7 meters.

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2
Q

Describe the divisions of the small intestine.

A

Divisions: Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

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3
Q

Explain the anatomy of the duodenum.

A

Anatomy of duodenum: C-shaped, divided into superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending parts.

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4
Q

What are the four parts of the duodenum?

A

Four parts of duodenum: Superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending.

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5
Q

Describe the location and function of the duodenal papilla.

A

Duodenal papilla: Opening for common bile duct and pancreatic duct, located in the descending part of the duodenum.

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6
Q

What is the significance of the major duodenal papilla?

A

Significance of major duodenal papilla: Site of entry for bile and pancreatic secretions into duodenum.

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7
Q

Explain the anatomy of the jejunum.

A

Anatomy of jejunum: Middle part of small intestine, thicker wall, larger diameter, prominent circular folds.

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8
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the jejunum?

A

Distinguishing features of jejunum: Thicker wall, larger diameter, prominent circular folds.

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9
Q

Describe the anatomy of the ileum.

A

Anatomy of ileum: Terminal part of small intestine, thinner wall, smaller diameter, fewer circular folds, Peyer’s patches.

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10
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the ileum?

A

Distinguishing features of ileum: Thinner wall, smaller diameter, fewer circular folds, Peyer’s patches.

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11
Q

Explain the histological structure of the small intestine wall.

A

Histological structure of small intestine wall: Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa.

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12
Q

What are the main layers of the small intestine wall?

A

Main layers of small intestine wall: Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa.

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13
Q

Describe the mucosa layer of the small intestine.

A

Mucosa layer: Contains epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae.

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14
Q

What are villi, and what is their function?

A

Villi: Finger-like projections increasing surface area for absorption.

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15
Q

Explain the role of microvilli in small intestine absorption.

A

Role of microvilli: Further increase surface area for nutrient absorption.

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16
Q

Describe the structure and function of intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkühn).

A

Structure and function of intestinal glands: Contain epithelial cells for secretion and absorption.

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17
Q

What is the function of goblet cells in the small intestine?

A

Function of goblet cells: Secrete mucus for lubrication and protection of mucosa.

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18
Q

Explain the significance of Paneth cells.

A

Significance of Paneth cells: Secrete antimicrobial peptides, involved in innate immunity.

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19
Q

Describe the submucosa layer of the small intestine.

A

Submucosa layer: Contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and submucosal plexus.

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20
Q

What structures are found in the submucosa?

A

Structures found in submucosa: Blood vessels, lymphatics, submucosal plexus.

21
Q

Explain the muscularis externa layer of the small intestine.

A

Muscularis externa layer: Circular and longitudinal muscle layers responsible for peristalsis.

22
Q

What are the roles of circular and longitudinal muscle layers?

A

Roles of circular and longitudinal muscle layers: Peristalsis and segmentation.

23
Q

Describe the serosa layer of the small intestine.

A

Serosa layer: Outermost layer composed of connective tissue and mesothelium.

24
Q

What is the significance of the mesentery in small intestine anatomy?

A

Significance of mesentery: Supports and suspends the small intestine.

25
Q

Explain the blood supply of the small intestine.

A

Blood supply of small intestine: Superior mesenteric artery.

26
Q

What arteries supply the small intestine?

A

Arteries supplying small intestine: Branches of superior mesenteric artery.

27
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the small intestine.

A

Venous drainage of small intestine: Superior mesenteric vein.

28
Q

What veins drain blood from the small intestine?

A

Veins draining blood from small intestine: Superior mesenteric vein.

29
Q

Explain the lymphatic drainage of the small intestine.

A

Lymphatic drainage of small intestine: Lymphatic vessels and nodes, including Peyer’s patches.

30
Q

What is the role of lacteals in small intestine lymphatic drainage?

A

Role of lacteals in lymphatic drainage: Absorb dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins.

31
Q

Describe the innervation of the small intestine.

A

Innervation of small intestine: Enteric nervous system, autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic).

32
Q

What are the components of the enteric nervous system in the small intestine?

A

Components of enteric nervous system: Myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus.

33
Q

Explain the role of the vagus nerve in small intestine innervation.

A

Role of vagus nerve: Parasympathetic innervation enhancing gastrointestinal function.

34
Q

Describe the sympathetic innervation of the small intestine.

A

Sympathetic innervation: From prevertebral ganglia, inhibits gastrointestinal activity.

35
Q

What is the role of the myenteric plexus in small intestine function?

A

Role of myenteric plexus: Controls gastrointestinal motility.

36
Q

Explain the function of the submucosal plexus in the small intestine.

A

Function of submucosal plexus: Regulates glandular secretions and mucosal blood flow.

37
Q

Describe the nerve supply to the mucosa of the small intestine.

A

Nerve supply to mucosa: From submucosal and myenteric plexuses.

38
Q

What are the clinical correlations related to the small intestine?

A

Clinical correlations: Bowel obstruction, tumors, surgical complications, nutrient absorption, immune function.

39
Q

Explain the significance of small intestine anatomy in bowel obstruction.

A

Significance of small intestine anatomy in bowel obstruction: Can cause abdominal pain, distension, and vomiting.

40
Q

Describe the presentation of small intestine tumors.

A

Presentation of small intestine tumors: Abdominal pain, weight loss, change in bowel habits, obstruction.

41
Q

What are the complications of small intestine surgery?

A

Complications of small intestine surgery: Infection, bleeding, anastomotic leaks, adhesions.

42
Q

Explain the role of the small intestine in nutrient absorption.

A

Role of small intestine in nutrient absorption: Absorbs nutrients, electrolytes, and water.

43
Q

Describe the role of the small intestine in immune function.

A

Role of small intestine in immune function: Contains Peyer’s patches, part of gut-associated lymphoid tissue.

44
Q

What are the common disorders affecting the small intestine?

A

Common disorders affecting small intestine: Celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, malabsorption syndromes.

45
Q

Explain the pathophysiology of celiac disease.

A

Pathophysiology of celiac disease: Autoimmune reaction to gluten damaging intestinal villi.

46
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of Crohn’s disease.

A

Clinical presentation of Crohn’s disease: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue.

47
Q

What are the complications of small intestine inflammation?

A

Complications of small intestine inflammation: Malabsorption, strictures, fistulas, abscesses.

48
Q

Explain the treatment options for small intestine disorders.

A

Treatment options for small intestine disorders: Dietary modifications, medications, surgery.

49
Q

Describe the surgical interventions for small intestine pathology.

A

Surgical interventions for small intestine pathology: Resection, anastomosis, bypass procedures.

Anatomy of The Abdomen (28 decks)

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