Histology of the Pancreas and Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the pancreas?

A

Digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; regulation of blood sugar levels.

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2
Q

What are the two main types of tissue in the pancreas?

A

Exocrine tissue and endocrine tissue.

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3
Q

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

A

Secretion of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the duodenum.

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4
Q

What are pancreatic acini?

A

Clusters of secretory cells in the exocrine pancreas.

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5
Q

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

A

Regulation of blood glucose levels.

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6
Q

What are pancreatic islets?

A

Clusters of endocrine cells scattered throughout the pancreas.

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7
Q

What are the hormones produced by pancreatic islets?

A

Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide.

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8
Q

What is the role of insulin?

A

Lowers blood sugar levels by promoting cellular uptake of glucose.

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9
Q

What is the role of glucagon?

A

Raises blood sugar levels by promoting glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis.

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10
Q

What is the histological structure of pancreatic acini?

A

Clustered acinar cells surrounding small ducts.

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11
Q

What are zymogen granules?

A

Vesicles containing digestive enzymes in pancreatic acinar cells.

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12
Q

What is the structure of pancreatic ducts?

A

Branched tubular structures lined with cuboidal epithelium.

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13
Q

What is the main pancreatic duct?

A

Main duct draining pancreatic secretions into the duodenum.

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14
Q

What is the accessory pancreatic duct?

A

Secondary duct providing an alternative route for pancreatic secretions.

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15
Q

What is the histological composition of pancreatic islets?

A

Mix of alpha, beta, delta, and F cells.

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16
Q

What are alpha cells?

A

Secrete glucagon.

17
Q

What hormone do alpha cells secrete?

A

Secrete insulin.

18
Q

What are beta cells?

A

Secrete somatostatin.

19
Q

What hormone do beta cells secrete?

A

Secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

20
Q

What are delta cells?

A

Secrete somatostatin.

21
Q

What hormone do delta cells secrete?

A

Secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

22
Q

What are F cells?

A

Secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

23
Q

What hormone do F cells secrete?

A

Secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

24
Q

What is the blood supply to the pancreas?

A

Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries.

25
What arteries supply the pancreas?
Pancreaticoduodenal arteries arising from the celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery.
26
What veins drain the pancreas?
Pancreatic veins draining into the portal vein.
27
What is the innervation of the pancreas?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers from the autonomic nervous system.
28
What are the components of the spleen's histological structure?
Red pulp composed of venous sinuses and splenic cords; white pulp composed of lymphoid tissue.
29
What is the function of the red pulp in the spleen?
Phagocytosis of old or damaged red blood cells and platelets.
30
What is the function of the white pulp in the spleen?
Immune surveillance and response to blood-borne antigens.