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Anatomy of The Abdomen > Osteology of The Abdomen > Flashcards

Osteology of The Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary bones of the abdomen?

A

Primary bones include lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, ilium, ischium, pubis, femur, innominate bone.

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2
Q

Which bones form the anterior border of the abdomen?

A

Anterior border: Rectus abdominis muscle, Pubic symphysis.

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3
Q

Name the posterior border bones of the abdomen.

A

Posterior border: Lumbar vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx.

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4
Q

What are the lateral border bones of the abdomen?

A

Lateral border: Ilium.

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5
Q

Which bone forms the superior border of the abdomen?

A

Superior border: Costal margin.

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6
Q

What is the function of the abdominal skeleton?

A

Abdominal skeleton provides structural support and protection for abdominal organs.

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7
Q

Define the term “Axial Skeleton.”

A

Axial Skeleton: Central skeleton comprising the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

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8
Q

Describe the location and function of the lumbar vertebrae.

A

Lumbar vertebrae are located in the lower back and provide support for the upper body.

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9
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

Features: Large body, thick vertebral arch, short and thick spinous processes.

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10
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

Five lumbar vertebrae.

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of the sacrum bone?

A

Sacrum: Triangular bone formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae.

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12
Q

Define the term “Coccyx.”

A

Coccyx: Small triangular bone at the base of the vertebral column.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the pelvic girdle?

A

Pelvic girdle supports the weight of the body and protects pelvic organs.

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14
Q

Name the bones that make up the pelvic girdle.

A

Bones: Ilium, Ischium, Pubis.

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15
Q

Describe the anatomy of the ilium bone.

A

Ilium: Largest bone of the pelvis with a broad, fan-shaped structure.

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16
Q

What are the functions of the ilium bone?

A

Functions: Support for abdominal organs, attachment site for muscles.

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17
Q

Define the term “Acetabulum.”

A

Acetabulum: Cup-shaped socket of the hip bone where the femur articulates.

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18
Q

Describe the anatomy and function of the ischium bone.

A

Ischium: Forms the lower and back part of the hip bone.

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19
Q

What is the pubis bone, and what is its function?

A

Pubis: Forms the anterior part of the hip bone and pubic symphysis.

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20
Q

Explain the composition and function of the sacroiliac joint.

A

Sacroiliac joint connects the sacrum to the ilium.

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21
Q

What is the importance of the pubic symphysis?

A

Pubic symphysis: Cartilaginous joint between the pubic bones.

22
Q

Describe the anatomy and function of the femur bone.

A

Femur: Thigh bone, longest and strongest bone in the body.

23
Q

What is the role of the femur in the abdominal skeleton?

A

Role: Transfers weight from the trunk to the lower limbs.

24
Q

Define the term “Innominate bone.”

A

Innominate bone: Hip bone formed by fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis.

25
Q

Explain the significance of the obturator foramen.

A

Obturator foramen: Opening in the hip bone, closed by the obturator membrane.

26
Q

What is the function of the psoas major muscle?

A

Psoas major muscle flexes the hip joint and vertebral column.

27
Q

Describe the anatomy and function of the quadratus lumborum muscle.

A

Quadratus lumborum muscle stabilizes the lumbar spine and pelvis.

28
Q

What are the attachments and actions of the transversus abdominis muscle?

A

Transversus abdominis muscle: Originates from lower ribs and iliac crest, aids in abdominal compression.

29
Q

Explain the anatomy and function of the rectus abdominis muscle.

A

Rectus abdominis muscle: Extends from pubic symphysis to sternum, flexes vertebral column.

30
Q

What is the significance of the linea alba in the abdomen?

A

Linea alba: Fibrous band in the midline of the abdomen, formed by fusion of abdominal muscles.

31
Q

Describe the anatomy and function of the internal oblique muscle.

A

Internal oblique muscle: Lies beneath the external oblique, aids in rotation and lateral flexion of the trunk.

32
Q

What are the attachments and actions of the external oblique muscle?

A

External oblique muscle: Largest and most superficial abdominal muscle, aids in trunk flexion and rotation.

33
Q

Explain the role of the cremaster muscle in the abdomen.

A

Cremaster muscle: Elevates the testes to regulate temperature.

34
Q

Describe the anatomy and function of the pyramidalis muscle.

A

Pyramidalis muscle: Small triangular muscle in the lower abdomen, tenses linea alba.

35
Q

What is the function of the inguinal ligament in the abdomen?

A

Inguinal ligament: Fibrous band running from pubic tubercle to anterior superior iliac spine.

36
Q

Explain the significance of the inguinal canal.

A

Inguinal canal: Passage through the abdominal wall, carries spermatic cord or round ligament of uterus.

37
Q

Describe the anatomy and function of the round ligament of the uterus.

A

Round ligament of uterus: Fibrous band attaching uterus to labia majora.

38
Q

What are the characteristics and functions of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Anterior abdominal wall: Comprises skin, fascia, muscles, and peritoneum.

39
Q

Explain the significance of the rectus sheath.

A

Rectus sheath: Fibrous envelope enclosing rectus abdominis muscles.

40
Q

Describe the anatomy and function of the peritoneum.

A

Peritoneum: Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs.

41
Q

What is the importance of the mesentery in the abdomen?

A

Mesentery: Double layer of peritoneum supporting and suspending abdominal organs.

42
Q

Explain the role of the greater omentum in the abdominal cavity.

A

Greater omentum: Fold of peritoneum connecting stomach to other abdominal organs.

43
Q

Describe the anatomy and function of the lesser omentum.

A

Lesser omentum: Double layer of peritoneum attaching stomach and duodenum to liver.

44
Q

What is the function of the falciform ligament?

A

Falciform ligament: Connects liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm.

45
Q

Explain the significance of the hepatorenal recess.

A

Hepatorenal recess: Space between liver and right kidney.

46
Q

Describe the anatomy and function of the gastrocolic ligament.

A

Gastrocolic ligament: Connects greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon.

47
Q

What are the attachments and functions of the gastrosplenic ligament?

A

Gastrosplenic ligament: Connects greater curvature of stomach to spleen.

48
Q

Explain the role of the splenorenal ligament in the abdomen.

A

Splenorenal ligament: Connects spleen to posterior abdominal wall and left kidney.

49
Q

Describe the anatomy and function of the hepatogastric ligament.

A

Hepatogastric ligament: Connects liver to lesser curvature of stomach.

50
Q

What is the importance of the ligamentum teres in the abdomen?

A

Ligamentum teres: Fibrous remnant of fetal umbilical vein, attached to liver and umbilicus.

Anatomy of The Abdomen (28 decks)

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