Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

What structures form the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 1

The posterior abdominal wall is formed by the lumbar vertebrae, muscles, and fascia posterior to the peritoneal cavity.

Question 2

Describe the boundaries of the posterior abdominal wall.

Answer 2

The boundaries of the posterior abdominal wall include the lumbar vertebrae posteriorly, the lower ribs and iliac crest laterally, and the diaphragm superiorly.

Question 3

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 3

The muscles of the posterior abdominal wall include the psoas major, quadratus lumborum, iliacus, transversus abdominis, diaphragm, and psoas minor.

Question 4

Describe the attachments and actions of the psoas major muscle.

Answer 4

The psoas major muscle originates from the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and inserts onto the lesser trochanter of the femur, contributing to hip flexion and external rotation.

Question 5

What is the innervation of the psoas major muscle?

Answer 5

The psoas major muscle is innervated by branches of the lumbar plexus, primarily the anterior rami of L1-L3 spinal nerves.

Question 6

Describe the attachments and actions of the quadratus lumborum muscle.

Answer 6

The quadratus lumborum muscle originates from the iliac crest and inserts onto the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and the 12th rib, contributing to lateral flexion and stabilization of the spine.

Question 7

What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

Answer 7

The quadratus lumborum muscle is innervated by branches of the lumbar plexus, primarily the anterior rami of T12-L4 spinal nerves.

Question 8

Describe the attachments and actions of the iliacus muscle.

Answer 8

The iliacus muscle originates from the iliac fossa and inserts onto the lesser trochanter of the femur, contributing to hip flexion.

Question 9

What is the innervation of the iliacus muscle?

Answer 9

The iliacus muscle is innervated by branches of the femoral nerve, specifically the posterior division of the L2-L4 spinal nerves.

Question 10

Describe the attachments and actions of the transversus abdominis muscle.

Answer 10

The transversus abdominis muscle originates from the lower ribs, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia and inserts onto the linea alba and pubic crest, contributing to abdominal compression and stabilization.

Question 11

What is the innervation of the transversus abdominis muscle?

Answer 11

The transversus abdominis muscle is innervated by the lower intercostal nerves and the subcostal nerve, branches of the thoracoabdominal nerves.

Question 12

Describe the attachments and actions of the diaphragm muscle.

Answer 12

The diaphragm muscle originates from the xiphoid process, lower ribs, and lumbar vertebrae and inserts onto the central tendon, contributing to respiration and separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Question 13

What is the innervation of the diaphragm muscle?

Answer 13

The diaphragm muscle is innervated by the phrenic nerve, primarily arising from the C3-C5 spinal nerves.

Question 14

Describe the attachments and actions of the psoas minor muscle.

Answer 14

The psoas minor muscle originates from the bodies of the T12 and L1 vertebrae and inserts onto the pectineal line of the pubis, contributing to hip flexion and stabilization.

Question 15

What is the innervation of the psoas minor muscle?

Answer 15

The psoas minor muscle is innervated by branches of the lumbar plexus, primarily the anterior rami of L1 spinal nerve.

Question 16

Describe the attachments and actions of the quadratus lumborum muscle.

Answer 16

The quadratus lumborum muscle originates from the iliac crest and inserts onto the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and the 12th rib, contributing to lateral flexion and stabilization of the spine.

Question 17

What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

Answer 17

The quadratus lumborum muscle is innervated by branches of the lumbar plexus, primarily the anterior rami of T12-L4 spinal nerves.

Question 18

Describe the attachments and actions of the iliacus muscle.

Answer 18

The iliacus muscle originates from the iliac fossa and inserts onto the lesser trochanter of the femur, contributing to hip flexion.

Question 19

What is the innervation of the iliacus muscle?

Answer 19

The iliacus muscle is innervated by branches of the femoral nerve, specifically the posterior division of the L2-L4 spinal nerves.

Question 20

Describe the attachments and actions of the transversus abdominis muscle.

Answer 20

The transversus abdominis muscle originates from the lower ribs, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia and inserts onto the linea alba and pubic crest, contributing to abdominal compression and stabilization.

Question 21

What is the innervation of the transversus abdominis muscle?

Answer 21

The transversus abdominis muscle is innervated by the lower intercostal nerves and the subcostal nerve, branches of the thoracoabdominal nerves.

Question 22

Describe the attachments and actions of the diaphragm muscle.

Answer 22

The diaphragm muscle originates from the xiphoid process, lower ribs, and lumbar vertebrae and inserts onto the central tendon, contributing to respiration and separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Question 23

What is the innervation of the diaphragm muscle?

Answer 23

The diaphragm muscle is innervated by the phrenic nerve, primarily arising from the C3-C5 spinal nerves.

Question 24

What are the neurovascular structures located in the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 24

Neurovascular structures in the posterior abdominal wall include the lumbar arteries, veins, and nerves.

Question 25

Describe the course and branches of the lumbar arteries.

Answer 25

The lumbar arteries course along the posterior abdominal wall, supplying blood to the muscles, vertebrae, and spinal cord, with branches to the abdominal wall and viscera.

Question 26

What is the significance of the lumbar arteries in the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 26

The lumbar arteries are significant in the posterior abdominal wall for supplying oxygenated blood to the muscles and structures of the region.

Question 27

Describe the course and branches of the lumbar veins.

Answer 27

The lumbar veins drain blood from the posterior abdominal wall and lumbar vertebral plexus, forming anastomoses with the azygos and hemiazygos veins.

Question 28

What is the significance of the lumbar veins in the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 28

The lumbar veins are significant in the posterior abdominal wall for venous drainage and collateral circulation in case of obstruction.

Question 29

Describe the course and branches of the lumbar nerves.

Answer 29

The lumbar nerves arise from the lumbar plexus and provide motor and sensory innervation to the muscles and skin of the posterior abdominal wall and lower limbs.

Question 30

What is the significance of the lumbar nerves in the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 30

The lumbar nerves are significant in the posterior abdominal wall for motor function and sensory perception in the region.