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Anatomy of The Abdomen > Abdominal Parts of The Stomach and Oesophagus > Flashcards

Abdominal Parts of The Stomach and Oesophagus Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four parts of the stomach?

A

Four parts of the stomach: Cardia, fundus, body, antrum.

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2
Q

Describe the location and function of the cardia.

A

Location and function of the cardia: Near gastroesophageal junction, prevents reflux.

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3
Q

What is the function of the fundus of the stomach?

A

Function of the fundus: Food storage and initial digestion.

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4
Q

Identify the area of the stomach responsible for grinding and mixing food with gastric juices.

A

Area responsible for grinding food: Antrum.

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5
Q

Describe the structure and function of the body of the stomach.

A

Structure and function of the body: Main region for food storage and mixing.

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6
Q

What is the role of the antrum in gastric function?

A

Role of antrum: Grinding food and regulating gastric emptying.

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7
Q

Explain the significance of the pylorus in gastric emptying.

A

Significance of pylorus: Controls passage of chyme into duodenum.

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8
Q

Describe the structure and function of the pyloric sphincter.

A

Structure and function of pyloric sphincter: Regulates chyme flow.

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9
Q

What is the histological composition of the mucosa of the stomach?

A

Histological composition of stomach mucosa: Mucous membrane with gastric pits and glands.

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10
Q

Explain the role of gastric pits in gastric secretion.

A

Role of gastric pits: Site of gastric juice secretion.

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11
Q

What are gastric glands, and what do they secrete?

A

Gastric glands: Tubular structures secreting gastric juice.

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12
Q

Describe the structure and function of chief cells in the stomach.

A

Structure and function of chief cells: Secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion.

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13
Q

What is the function of parietal cells in gastric secretion?

A

Function of parietal cells: Secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.

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14
Q

Explain the importance of intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells.

A

Importance of intrinsic factor: Necessary for B12 absorption.

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15
Q

What is the role of mucous cells in the stomach?

A

Role of mucous cells: Produce mucus for protection.

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16
Q

Describe the function of G cells in gastric secretion.

A

Function of G cells: Produce gastrin to stimulate acid secretion.

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17
Q

Explain the mechanism of gastrin secretion and its effects on gastric function.

A

Mechanism of gastrin secretion: Stimulated by food, increases acid secretion.

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18
Q

What is the function of somatostatin in the stomach?

A

Function of somatostatin: Inhibits gastric acid secretion.

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19
Q

Describe the blood supply of the stomach.

A

Blood supply of the stomach: Mainly from celiac artery branches.

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20
Q

Explain the arterial supply to the lesser curvature of the stomach.

A

Arterial supply to lesser curvature: Left and right gastric arteries.

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21
Q

What is the significance of the left gastric artery?

A

Significance of left gastric artery: Forms anastomosis with right gastric artery.

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22
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the greater curvature of the stomach.

A

Arterial supply to greater curvature: Right and left gastroepiploic arteries.

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23
Q

Explain the importance of the right and left gastroepiploic arteries.

A

Importance of gastroepiploic arteries: Contribute to vascular supply.

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24
Q

What is the blood supply to the fundus of the stomach?

A

Blood supply to fundus: From branches of left gastric artery.

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25
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the stomach.

A

Venous drainage of the stomach: Into portal venous system.

26
Q

Explain the course and significance of the gastric veins.

A

Course and significance of gastric veins: Contribute to portal circulation.

27
Q

What is the role of the hepatic portal system in venous drainage of the stomach?

A

Role of hepatic portal system: Transports blood to liver.

28
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the stomach.

A

Lymphatic drainage of stomach: Into regional lymph nodes.

29
Q

Explain the pathway of lymphatic vessels from the stomach to the lymph nodes.

A

Pathway of lymphatic vessels: Follow arterial branches to gastric lymph nodes.

30
Q

What are the major lymph node groups involved in the drainage of the stomach?

A

Major lymph node groups: Celiac and gastric lymph nodes.

31
Q

Describe the innervation of the stomach.

A

Innervation of the stomach: Via vagus nerve and sympathetic nerves.

32
Q

Explain the role of the vagus nerve in gastric innervation.

A

Role of vagus nerve: Stimulates gastric secretion and motility.

33
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system in gastric function?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system function: Increases gastric activity.

34
Q

Describe the sympathetic innervation of the stomach.

A

Sympathetic innervation: From celiac plexus, inhibits gastric function.

35
Q

Explain the role of sympathetic stimulation in gastric motility and secretion.

A

Sympathetic stimulation role: Reduces gastric activity during stress.

36
Q

What is the role of the enteric nervous system in regulating gastric function?

A

Enteric nervous system function: Coordinate local reflexes.

37
Q

Describe the reflex arcs involved in gastric secretion and motility.

A

Reflex arcs in gastric function: Coordinated involuntary responses.

38
Q

Explain the importance of the gastrocolic reflex.

A

Gastrocolic reflex: Stimulates colonic motility postprandially.

39
Q

Describe the anatomy of the esophagus.

A

Anatomy of the esophagus: Muscular tube from pharynx to stomach.

40
Q

What are the three parts of the esophagus?

A

Three parts of the esophagus: Cervical, thoracic, abdominal.

41
Q

Explain the significance of the upper esophageal sphincter.

A

Upper esophageal sphincter significance: Prevents air entry during respiration.

42
Q

Describe the muscular layers of the esophagus.

A

Muscular layers: Inner circular and outer longitudinal.

43
Q

Explain the role of the lower esophageal sphincter.

A

Lower esophageal sphincter role: Prevents gastric reflux.

44
Q

What is the function of the esophageal mucosa?

A

Esophageal mucosa function: Protects against damage.

45
Q

Describe the blood supply of the esophagus.

A

Blood supply of the esophagus: From aorta and subclavian arteries.

46
Q

Explain the arterial supply to the upper esophagus.

A

Arterial supply to upper esophagus: Inferior thyroid artery branches.

47
Q

What is the significance of the inferior thyroid artery?

A

Significance of inferior thyroid artery: Supplies upper esophagus and thyroid.

48
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the middle and lower esophagus.

A

Arterial supply to middle and lower esophagus: From thoracic aorta branches.

49
Q

Explain the importance of the esophageal branches of the aorta.

A

Esophageal branches of aorta: Supply middle and lower parts.

50
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the esophagus.

A

Venous drainage: Into azygos and hemiazygos veins.

51
Q

Explain the course and significance of the esophageal veins.

A

Esophageal veins: Connect esophagus to systemic circulation.

52
Q

What is the role of the portal vein in venous drainage of the esophagus?

A

Portal vein role: Drains lower esophagus into liver.

53
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the esophagus.

A

Lymphatic drainage: Into regional lymph nodes.

54
Q

Explain the pathway of lymphatic vessels from the esophagus to the lymph nodes.

A

Lymphatic vessel pathway: Follows arterial branches.

55
Q

What are the major lymph node groups involved in the drainage of the esophagus?

A

Major lymph node groups: Cervical, mediastinal, abdominal.

56
Q

Describe the innervation of the esophagus.

A

Innervation: Vagus nerve and sympathetic nerves.

57
Q

Explain the role of the vagus nerve in esophageal innervation.

A

Vagus nerve function: Regulates peristalsis and sphincter.

58
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system in esophageal motility?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system: Stimulates esophageal motility.

59
Q

Describe the sympathetic innervation of the esophagus.

A

Sympathetic innervation: Inhibits peristalsis and sphincter.

60
Q

Explain the role of sympathetic stimulation in esophageal function.

A

Sympathetic stimulation: Reduces esophageal activity during stress.

61
Q

What is the role of the enteric nervous system in regulating esophageal function?

A

Enteric nervous system role: Controls local reflexes.

62
Q

Describe the reflex arcs involved in esophageal peristalsis and sphincter control.

A

Reflex arcs: Initiated by swallowing, coordinated by enteric system.

Anatomy of The Abdomen (28 decks)

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