Living and Radiographic Anatomy of the Abdomen Flashcards
What are the nine regions of the abdomen?
Epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric/pubic, right hypochondriac, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, left lumbar, right iliac, left iliac.
What are the four quadrants of the abdomen?
Right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant.
What are the boundaries of the epigastric region?
Inferior margin of the costal cartilage of the 7th rib to the inferior margin of the costal cartilage of the 10th rib.
What are the boundaries of the umbilical region?
Inferior margin of the costal cartilage of the 10th rib to the superior margin of the iliac crest.
What are the boundaries of the hypogastric region?
Superior margin of the iliac crest to the pubic symphysis.
What are the boundaries of the right hypochondriac region?
Right costal margin to the inferior margin of the ribs.
What are the boundaries of the left hypochondriac region?
Left costal margin to the inferior margin of the ribs.
What are the boundaries of the right lumbar region?
Right lateral border of the rectus abdominis to the anterior axillary line.
What are the boundaries of the left lumbar region?
Left lateral border of the rectus abdominis to the anterior axillary line.
What are the boundaries of the right iliac region?
Right inguinal ligament to the anterior superior iliac spine.
What are the boundaries of the left iliac region?
Left inguinal ligament to the anterior superior iliac spine.
What are the layers of the abdominal wall?
Skin, superficial fascia, muscles, deep fascia, and peritoneum.
What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis.
What is the rectus sheath?
Fibrous sheath enclosing the rectus abdominis muscles.
What are the inguinal ligament and linea alba?
Fibrous bands extending from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and midline abdominal fascia, respectively.
What are the superficial inguinal ring and deep inguinal ring?
Openings in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle.
What is the inguinal canal?
Passage between the deep and superficial inguinal rings.
What structures pass through the inguinal canal in males?
Spermatic cord structures (in males).
What structures pass through the inguinal canal in females?
Round ligament of the uterus (in females).
What are the contents of the spermatic cord?
Vas deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins, lymphatics, and nerves.
What are the contents of the round ligament of the uterus?
Round ligament of the uterus.
What is the peritoneum?
Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs.
What are the types of peritoneal folds?
Greater omentum, lesser omentum, mesentery, and mesocolon.
What is the greater omentum?
Double-layered peritoneal fold attached to the greater curvature of the stomach.
What is the lesser omentum?
Double-layered peritoneal fold attaching the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the duodenum.
What is the mesentery?
Double-layered peritoneal fold connecting the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall.
What is the falciform ligament?
Sickled-shaped ligament attaching the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm.
What is the ligamentum teres hepatis?
Fibrous remnant of the fetal umbilical vein running within the falciform ligament.
What are the positions of the kidneys in the abdomen?
Retroperitoneal, with the right kidney slightly lower than the left.
What are the radiographic landmarks for the abdominal organs?
Bones (ribs and vertebrae), gas-filled structures (stomach and intestines), and soft tissue densities (liver, spleen, kidneys, and bladder).
