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Anatomy of The Abdomen > Extra-hepatic Biliary Apparatus and Spleen > Flashcards

Extra-hepatic Biliary Apparatus and Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the extra-hepatic biliary apparatus?

A

Components of the extra-hepatic biliary apparatus include the bile ducts, gallbladder, and sphincter of Oddi.

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2
Q

What is the function of the extra-hepatic biliary apparatus?

A

The extra-hepatic biliary apparatus stores and transports bile produced by the liver, aiding in digestion.

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3
Q

Name the three parts of the biliary tree.

A

The biliary tree comprises the intrahepatic ducts, extrahepatic ducts, and the gallbladder.

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4
Q

What is the main function of the gallbladder?

A

The gallbladder primarily stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver.

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5
Q

Which duct drains bile from the liver and gallbladder?

A

The common bile duct drains bile from the liver and gallbladder.

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6
Q

What is the anatomical location of the cystic duct?

A

The cystic duct connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct.

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7
Q

What is the role of the common bile duct?

A

The common bile duct transports bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.

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8
Q

Describe the pathway of bile flow from the liver to the duodenum.

A

Bile flows from the liver through the hepatic ducts, joins the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct, and then enters the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater.

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9
Q

What is choledocholithiasis?

A

Choledocholithiasis refers to the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct.

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10
Q

What structures form the ampulla of Vater?

A

The ampulla of Vater is formed by the union of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct.

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11
Q

What is the function of the sphincter of Oddi?

A

The sphincter of Oddi regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

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12
Q

What are the possible complications of gallstone obstruction?

A

Complications of gallstone obstruction include cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, and pancreatitis.

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13
Q

Where is the spleen located in the body?

A

The spleen is located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, beneath the diaphragm and behind the stomach.

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14
Q

What are the main functions of the spleen?

A

The spleen functions include blood filtration, immune response, and hematopoiesis in fetal life.

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15
Q

Describe the blood supply to the spleen.

A

The spleen is primarily supplied by the splenic artery and drained by the splenic vein.

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16
Q

What are the components of the splenic pulp?

A

The splenic pulp consists of red pulp and white pulp.

17
Q

What is the role of the red pulp in the spleen?

A

The red pulp filters and removes old or damaged red blood cells and foreign particles from the blood.

18
Q

What is the function of white pulp in the spleen?

A

White pulp contains immune cells and is involved in immune responses to pathogens.

19
Q

What is splenomegaly?

A

Splenomegaly refers to an enlarged spleen.

20
Q

What are the causes of splenomegaly?

A

Causes of splenomegaly include infections, liver diseases, and hematological disorders.

21
Q

What is the significance of the splenic artery?

A

The splenic artery supplies oxygenated blood to the spleen.

22
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the spleen.

A

Lymphatic drainage of the spleen follows the splenic artery and drains into the celiac lymph nodes.

23
Q

What is the role of the spleen in immune function?

A

The spleen plays a crucial role in immune function by filtering blood and producing antibodies.

24
Q

What is the difference between red and white pulp in the spleen?

A

Red pulp is involved in blood filtration, while white pulp is involved in immune responses.

25
Q

What is splenic rupture?

A

Splenic rupture is the tearing of the spleen, often caused by trauma.

26
Q

What are the common causes of splenic rupture?

A

Common causes of splenic rupture include abdominal trauma and infectious mononucleosis.

27
Q

Describe the innervation of the spleen.

A

The spleen is innervated by the splenic plexus, which contains sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.

28
Q

What is Howell-Jolly body and what is its significance?

A

Howell-Jolly bodies are nuclear remnants in red blood cells and are associated with functional asplenia.

29
Q

What is the clinical significance of the splenic hilum?

A

The splenic hilum is clinically significant for surgical access to the spleen and for lymphatic drainage.

30
Q

What is the role of the spleen in hematopoiesis?

A

The spleen is involved in fetal hematopoiesis, producing red blood cells until bone marrow takes over the role postnatally.

Anatomy of The Abdomen (28 decks)

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