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Anatomy of The Abdomen > Histology of The Stomach > Flashcards

Histology of The Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main layers of the stomach wall?

A

Main layers of the stomach wall: Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa.

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2
Q

Describe the mucosa layer of the stomach.

A

Mucosa layer: Innermost layer containing gastric pits and glands.

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3
Q

What are gastric pits, and what is their function?

A

Gastric pits: Invaginations of the mucosa, site of gastric gland openings.

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4
Q

Explain the composition and function of gastric glands.

A

Gastric glands: Tubular structures in the mucosa secreting gastric juice.

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5
Q

What are the different types of cells found in gastric glands?

A

Types of cells in gastric glands: Parietal, chief, mucous, G cells, enteroendocrine.

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6
Q

Describe the function of parietal cells in the stomach.

A

Function of parietal cells: Secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

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7
Q

What is the role of chief cells in gastric glands?

A

Role of chief cells: Secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion.

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8
Q

Explain the function of mucous cells in the stomach.

A

Function of mucous cells: Produce mucus to protect stomach lining.

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9
Q

What is the significance of G cells in gastric glands?

A

Significance of G cells: Produce gastrin hormone to stimulate gastric acid secretion.

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10
Q

Describe the function of enteroendocrine cells in the stomach.

A

Function of enteroendocrine cells: Produce various hormones regulating digestion.

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11
Q

Explain the role of enterochromaffin-like cells in gastric glands.

A

Role of enterochromaffin-like cells: Secrete histamine to stimulate acid secretion.

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12
Q

What is the function of D cells in the stomach?

A

Function of D cells: Produce somatostatin to inhibit gastric acid secretion.

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13
Q

Describe the structure and function of the lamina propria in the stomach.

A

Structure and function of the lamina propria: Supportive layer containing blood vessels and lymphatics.

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14
Q

Explain the composition and function of the submucosa layer of the stomach.

A

Composition and function of the submucosa: Connective tissue layer with blood vessels and nerves.

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15
Q

What is the muscularis externa, and what are its layers?

A

Muscularis externa layers: Circular muscle and longitudinal muscle.

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16
Q

Describe the function of the circular muscle layer in the stomach.

A

Function of circular muscle: Contraction for mixing and churning food.

17
Q

Explain the role of the longitudinal muscle layer in stomach motility.

A

Role of longitudinal muscle: Shortening for peristalsis and movement.

18
Q

What is the serosa layer of the stomach, and what is its function?

A

Serosa layer: Outermost layer providing protection and lubrication.

19
Q

Describe the blood supply of the stomach mucosa.

A

Blood supply of stomach mucosa: Supplied by branches of celiac artery.

20
Q

Explain the significance of the gastric mucosal barrier.

A

Significance of gastric mucosal barrier: Protects stomach lining from acid and enzymes.

21
Q

Describe the innervation of the stomach.

A

Innervation of the stomach: Mainly from vagus nerve and enteric nervous system.

22
Q

What are the roles of the vagus nerve in gastric innervation?

A

Roles of vagus nerve: Stimulates gastric secretion and motility.

23
Q

Explain the function of the enteric nervous system in the stomach.

A

Function of enteric nervous system: Controls local reflexes and coordination.

24
Q

What is the role of parasympathetic stimulation in gastric secretion?

A

Parasympathetic stimulation in gastric secretion: Increases acid and enzyme secretion.

25
Q

Describe the histological features of the fundus and body of the stomach.

A

Histological features of fundus and body: Contain numerous gastric glands and pits.

26
Q

What are gastric pits, and what is their function?

A

Gastric pits: Invaginations of the mucosa, site of gastric gland openings.

27
Q

Explain the composition and function of gastric glands.

A

Gastric glands: Tubular structures in the mucosa secreting gastric juice.

28
Q

What are the different types of cells found in gastric glands?

A

Types of cells in gastric glands: Parietal, chief, mucous, G cells, enteroendocrine.

29
Q

Describe the function of parietal cells in the stomach.

A

Function of parietal cells: Secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

30
Q

What is the role of chief cells in gastric glands?

A

Role of chief cells: Secrete pepsinogen for protein digestion.

31
Q

Explain the function of mucous cells in the stomach.

A

Function of mucous cells: Produce mucus to protect stomach lining.

32
Q

What is the significance of G cells in gastric glands?

A

Significance of G cells: Produce gastrin hormone to stimulate gastric acid secretion.

Anatomy of The Abdomen (28 decks)

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