Development of the Urinary System

Question 1

What is the embryonic origin of the urinary system?

Answer 1

Intermediate mesoderm.

Question 2

What are the three stages of kidney development?

Answer 2

Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros.

Question 3

What is the pronephros?

Answer 3

Transient kidney structure in early embryo development.

Question 4

What is the mesonephros?

Answer 4

Intermediate kidney structure, later functions as primitive kidney in fish and amphibians.

Question 5

What is the metanephros?

Answer 5

Definitive kidney structure in mammals.

Question 6

What structures form the pronephros?

Answer 6

Pronephric duct and tubules.

Question 7

What structures form the mesonephros?

Answer 7

Mesonephric duct and tubules.

Question 8

What structures form the metanephros?

Answer 8

Ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme.

Question 9

What is the nephrogenic cord?

Answer 9

Region of intermediate mesoderm that gives rise to nephric structures.

Question 10

What is the nephrotome?

Answer 10

Segment of the nephrogenic cord involved in nephron development.

Question 11

What is the ureteric bud?

Answer 11

Outgrowth of the mesonephric duct that interacts with the metanephric mesenchyme.

Question 12

What is the metanephric mesenchyme?

Answer 12

Condensed mesodermal tissue surrounding the ureteric bud.

Question 13

What is the reciprocal induction between the ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme?

Answer 13

Signaling process crucial for kidney development.

Question 14

What does the ureteric bud give rise to?

Answer 14

Collecting ducts, renal pelvis, calyces, and ureters.

Question 15

What does the metanephric mesenchyme give rise to?

Answer 15

Renal tubules, including proximal and distal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, and collecting ducts.

Question 16

What is the renal pelvis?

Answer 16

Expanded upper end of the ureter within the kidney.

Question 17

What are the major calyces?

Answer 17

Extensions of the renal pelvis that collect urine from the renal papillae.

Question 18

What are the minor calyces?

Answer 18

Subdivisions of the major calyces that collect urine from the renal papillae.

Question 19

What is the renal capsule?

Answer 19

Fibrous covering surrounding the kidney.

Question 20

What is the renal cortex?

Answer 20

Outer region of the kidney containing nephrons.

Question 21

What is the renal medulla?

Answer 21

Inner region of the kidney containing renal pyramids.

Question 22

What is the renal papilla?

Answer 22

Tip of a renal pyramid where urine is excreted into the renal calyces.

Question 23

What is the nephron?

Answer 23

Functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine production.

Question 24

What are the two main parts of the nephron?

Answer 24

Renal corpuscle and renal tubule.

Question 25

What is the renal corpuscle?

Answer 25

Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule.

Question 26

What is the renal tubule?

Answer 26

Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule.

Question 27

What are the two types of nephrons?

Answer 27

Cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons.

Question 28

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 28

Specialized structure involved in regulating blood pressure and filtration rate.

Question 29

What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 29

Regulating blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, and renin secretion.

Question 30

What is the role of the ureter in the urinary system?

Answer 30

Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.