Abdominal Regions and Landmarks

Question 1

What are the nine regions of the abdomen?

Answer 1

The nine regions of the abdomen are: right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac.

Question 2

What structures are located in the right hypochondriac region?

Answer 2

The right hypochondriac region contains the liver, gallbladder, right kidney, and parts of the small intestine.

Question 3

What structures are located in the epigastric region?

Answer 3

The epigastric region contains part of the liver, the stomach, and the transverse colon.

Question 4

What structures are located in the left hypochondriac region?

Answer 4

The left hypochondriac region contains the spleen, left kidney, and parts of the stomach.

Question 5

What structures are located in the right lumbar region?

Answer 5

The right lumbar region contains the right colon and liver.

Question 6

What structures are located in the umbilical region?

Answer 6

The umbilical region contains the umbilicus (navel), jejunum, ileum, and duodenum.

Question 7

What structures are located in the left lumbar region?

Answer 7

The left lumbar region contains the left kidney and descending colon.

Question 8

What structures are located in the right iliac region?

Answer 8

The right iliac region contains the appendix, cecum, and right iliac fossa.

Question 9

What structures are located in the hypogastric region?

Answer 9

The hypogastric region contains the urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, and female reproductive organs.

Question 10

What structures are located in the left iliac region?

Answer 10

The left iliac region contains the sigmoid colon, left ovary, and left iliac fossa.

Question 11

What is the midclavicular line and why is it important in abdominal anatomy?

Answer 11

The midclavicular line is a vertical line through the midpoint of the clavicle, typically used as a reference point for anatomical description. It is important in abdominal anatomy as it is used to divide the abdomen into regions.

Question 12

What is the subcostal plane and where is it located?

Answer 12

The subcostal plane is a horizontal plane located at the level of the tenth rib and it is used to divide the abdomen into upper and lower halves.

Question 13

What is the transtubercular plane and where is it located?

Answer 13

The transtubercular plane is a horizontal plane passing through the iliac tubercles, used to divide the abdomen into upper and lower halves.

Question 14

What is the importance of the linea alba in abdominal anatomy?

Answer 14

The linea alba is a fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen in humans. It is an important landmark in certain surgical procedures.

Question 15

What is the McBurney’s point and why is it clinically significant?

Answer 15

McBurney’s point is the point over the right side of the abdomen that is one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus (navel). This point roughly corresponds to the most common location of the base of the appendix.

Question 16

What is the significance of the Lanz point in abdominal anatomy?

Answer 16

The Lanz point is located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus. It is the point of maximum tenderness in appendicitis.

Question 17

What is the significance of the Murphy’s sign in abdominal examination?

Answer 17

Murphy’s sign is a clinical sign that is elicited during examination of the gallbladder and biliary tract. It involves the patient experiencing pain upon deep inspiration while the examiner’s fingers are on the approximate location of the gallbladder.

Question 18

What is the significance of the Blumberg sign in abdominal examination?

Answer 18

The Blumberg sign or rebound tenderness is a clinical sign which may be elicited on physical examination and may be indicative of peritonitis.

Question 19

What is the significance of the Rovsing’s sign in abdominal examination?

Answer 19

Rovsing’s sign is a referred pain. If palpation of the left lower quadrant of a person’s abdomen increases the pain felt in the right lower quadrant, the patient is said to have a positive Rovsing’s sign and may have appendicitis.

Question 20

What is the significance of the Psoas sign in abdominal examination?

Answer 20

The Psoas sign, also known as Obraztsova’s sign, is a medical sign that indicates irritation to the iliopsoas group of hip flexors in the abdomen, and is found in patients with appendicitis.