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Kinesiology > The Knee Part 2: Exam 3 > Flashcards

The Knee Part 2: Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where can knee injuries occur?

A
  • ligament
  • muscles
  • tendons
  • cartilage (meniscus and articular)
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2
Q

What does a MCL sprain result from?

A

Severe blow from the lateral side or a valgus force

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3
Q

Symptoms of a grade 1 MCL sprain

A
  • stability valgus stress test (no laxity)
  • little or no swelling
  • some joint stiffness and point tenderness on medial aspect
  • relatively normal ROM
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4
Q

Grade 1 MCL sprain

A

Ligament stretching but no tear

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5
Q

Management of grade 1 MCL sprain

A
  • RICE for at least 24 hours
  • crutches if necessary
  • relatively quick strengthening progression
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6
Q

Limiting factor in strength progression of grade 1 MCL sprain

A

Pain

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7
Q

How long is the recovery time for grade 1 MCL sprain?

A

About 2-3 weeks

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8
Q

Grade 2 MCL sprain

A

Partial tear

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9
Q

Symptoms of grade 2 MCL sprain

A
  • no gross instability (slight laxity)
  • slight swelling
  • joint tenderness with decreased ROM
  • pain along medial side of the knee
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10
Q

Management of Grade 2 MCL sprain

A
  • RICE and modified weight bearing in acute phase
  • hinged knee brace
  • modalities for pain
  • gradual strength progression
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11
Q

What type of strength progression should be used in a grade 2 MCL sprain?

A

Close chain activities

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12
Q

Grade 3 MCL sprain

A

Complete tear of supporting ligaments

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13
Q

Symptoms of grade 3 MCL sprain

A
  • complete loss of medial stability
  • minimum to moderate swelling
  • immediate pain followed by ache
  • loss of motion due to effusion and hamstring guarding
  • positive valgus stress test
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14
Q

management of grade 3 MCL sprain

A
  • RICE
  • Conservative non-operative vs surgical approach
  • limited immobilization
  • rehab similar to grade 1 and 2 but slower
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15
Q

How long should progressive weight bearing and increased ROM take in grade 3 MCL sprain?

A

Over 4-6 week period

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16
Q

What causes LCL sprain?

A

Varus force

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17
Q

Symptoms of LCL sprain

A

-pain and tenderness over LCL
-Swelling over LCL
Joint laxity with varus testing

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18
Q

Management of LCL sprain

A

Similar to MCL

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19
Q

What causes a contact ACL sprain?

A

valgus force with externally rotated tibia or hyperextension

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20
Q

What causes a non-contact ACL sprain?

A

Deceleration with rotational component

-jump landing strategies

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21
Q

What has there been extensive research on regarding the ACL?

A

Impact of femoral notch, ACL size and baseline laxity, malalignments, and faulty biomechanics

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22
Q

do males or females have a valgus angle more often?

A

Female

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23
Q

Symptoms of ACL sprain

A
  • pop with severe pain and disability
  • positive anterior drawer and Lachmans
  • rapid swelling at the joint line
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24
Q

Management of ACL sprain

A
  • RICE
  • crutches
  • could lead to major instability
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25
How long is rehab for ACL sprain?
4-6 months
26
What does ACL surgery involve?
Joint reconstruction with grafts (tendon) transplantation of external structures
27
What can lack of stability in ACL lead to if not corrected?
Degeneration of cartilage and arthritic changes
28
When are you most at risk for a PCL sprain?
During 90 degrees of flexion
29
What causes a PCL sprain?
Fall on bent knee, result of rotational force, car crash
30
Symptoms or PCL sprain
- feel a pop in back of knee - tenderness and relatively little swelling in the popliteal fossa - laxity with posterior sag test
31
Management of PCL sprain
-RICE
32
What should non-operative grade 1 and 2 PCL sprain rehab focus on?
Quad strength
33
Surgical PCL time frame
- 6 week immobilization in extension with full weight bearing on crutch - ROM after 6 weeks - progressive resistance exercises at 4 months
34
What is the most common MOI in meniscal lesions?
Rotary force
35
Symptoms of meniscus tear
- swelling over 48-72 hours - joint line pain and loss of motion - intermittent locking and instability - pain with squatting - portions may become detached causing locking giving way or catching within the joint
36
Meniscal lesions management
- diagnostic testing - preserve the meniscus - full healing dependent on location
37
Menisectomy rehab
-partial weight bearing and quick return to activity
38
How long will rehab be for repaired meniscus?
Immobilization and gradual return to activity over 12 weeks
39
Osteochondral Knee fractures
Fractures of cartilage and underlying bone varying in size and depth
40
What causes osteochondral knee fractures?
Twisting, sudden cutting or direct blow
41
Symptoms of O knee fracture
- immediate swelling and considerable pain | - diffuse pain along the joint line
42
What can happen with swelling of O knee fracture?
Can turn chronic that increases following strenuous activity
43
What causes a patellar fracture?
Direct or indirect trauma | -semi flexed position with forcible contraction
44
Symptoms of patellar fracture
- swelling - possible deformity - little bone separation with direct injury
45
Management of patellar fracture
- x-ray for confirmation - RICE and splinting - refer and immobilize for 2-3 months
46
What causes patella subluxation or dislocation?
Deceleration with simultaneous cutting in opposite direction (valgus force at knee)
47
Acute patella subluxation or dislocation
Quad pulls patella out of alignment
48
Can people be predisposed to patella dislocation?
Yes
49
Symptoms of patella subluxation
Pain and swelling with restricted ROM and palpable tenderness
50
Symptoms of patella dislocation
- total loss of function until relocated | - potential articular surface damage to both bony surfaces
51
What is another name for patellar tendinitis?
Jumper or kickers knee
52
What causes patellar tendinitis?
Jumping or kicking | -sudden or repetitive extension
53
Symptoms of patellar tendinitis
-pain and tenderness at inferior pole of patella or insertion of tendon on tibia
54
What causes patellar tendon rupture?
Sudden, powerful quad contraction
55
Where does patellar tendon rupture occur?
Point of attachment
56
When does patellar tendon rupture occur?
-chronic inflammatory condition persists resulting in tissue degeneration
57
Symptoms of patellar tendon rupture
- palatable defect - lack of knee extension - considerable swelling and initial pain
58
Management of patellar tendon rupture
-surgery
59
What can minimize chances of patellar tendon rupture?
Proper and conservative care of jumpers knee
60
What causes knee dislocation?
Extreme force involved including contact or non contact
61
Why is knee dislocation a medical emergency?
Risk to neurovascualr structures
62
What structures are involved in knee dislocation?
- ligaments - cartilage - soft tissue
63
management of knee dislocation
- activate EMS - check neurovascular status distall - splint and transport

Kinesiology (23 decks)

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