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Kinesiology > The Knee Part 2: Exam 3 > Flashcards

The Knee Part 2: Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where can knee injuries occur?

A
  • ligament
  • muscles
  • tendons
  • cartilage (meniscus and articular)
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2
Q

What does a MCL sprain result from?

A

Severe blow from the lateral side or a valgus force

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3
Q

Symptoms of a grade 1 MCL sprain

A
  • stability valgus stress test (no laxity)
  • little or no swelling
  • some joint stiffness and point tenderness on medial aspect
  • relatively normal ROM
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4
Q

Grade 1 MCL sprain

A

Ligament stretching but no tear

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5
Q

Management of grade 1 MCL sprain

A
  • RICE for at least 24 hours
  • crutches if necessary
  • relatively quick strengthening progression
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6
Q

Limiting factor in strength progression of grade 1 MCL sprain

A

Pain

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7
Q

How long is the recovery time for grade 1 MCL sprain?

A

About 2-3 weeks

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8
Q

Grade 2 MCL sprain

A

Partial tear

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9
Q

Symptoms of grade 2 MCL sprain

A
  • no gross instability (slight laxity)
  • slight swelling
  • joint tenderness with decreased ROM
  • pain along medial side of the knee
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10
Q

Management of Grade 2 MCL sprain

A
  • RICE and modified weight bearing in acute phase
  • hinged knee brace
  • modalities for pain
  • gradual strength progression
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11
Q

What type of strength progression should be used in a grade 2 MCL sprain?

A

Close chain activities

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12
Q

Grade 3 MCL sprain

A

Complete tear of supporting ligaments

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13
Q

Symptoms of grade 3 MCL sprain

A
  • complete loss of medial stability
  • minimum to moderate swelling
  • immediate pain followed by ache
  • loss of motion due to effusion and hamstring guarding
  • positive valgus stress test
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14
Q

management of grade 3 MCL sprain

A
  • RICE
  • Conservative non-operative vs surgical approach
  • limited immobilization
  • rehab similar to grade 1 and 2 but slower
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15
Q

How long should progressive weight bearing and increased ROM take in grade 3 MCL sprain?

A

Over 4-6 week period

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16
Q

What causes LCL sprain?

A

Varus force

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17
Q

Symptoms of LCL sprain

A

-pain and tenderness over LCL
-Swelling over LCL
Joint laxity with varus testing

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18
Q

Management of LCL sprain

A

Similar to MCL

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19
Q

What causes a contact ACL sprain?

A

valgus force with externally rotated tibia or hyperextension

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20
Q

What causes a non-contact ACL sprain?

A

Deceleration with rotational component

-jump landing strategies

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21
Q

What has there been extensive research on regarding the ACL?

A

Impact of femoral notch, ACL size and baseline laxity, malalignments, and faulty biomechanics

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22
Q

do males or females have a valgus angle more often?

A

Female

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23
Q

Symptoms of ACL sprain

A
  • pop with severe pain and disability
  • positive anterior drawer and Lachmans
  • rapid swelling at the joint line
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24
Q

Management of ACL sprain

A
  • RICE
  • crutches
  • could lead to major instability
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25
Q

How long is rehab for ACL sprain?

A

4-6 months

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26
Q

What does ACL surgery involve?

A

Joint reconstruction with grafts (tendon) transplantation of external structures

27
Q

What can lack of stability in ACL lead to if not corrected?

A

Degeneration of cartilage and arthritic changes

28
Q

When are you most at risk for a PCL sprain?

A

During 90 degrees of flexion

29
Q

What causes a PCL sprain?

A

Fall on bent knee, result of rotational force, car crash

30
Q

Symptoms or PCL sprain

A
  • feel a pop in back of knee
  • tenderness and relatively little swelling in the popliteal fossa
  • laxity with posterior sag test
31
Q

Management of PCL sprain

A

-RICE

32
Q

What should non-operative grade 1 and 2 PCL sprain rehab focus on?

A

Quad strength

33
Q

Surgical PCL time frame

A
  • 6 week immobilization in extension with full weight bearing on crutch
  • ROM after 6 weeks
  • progressive resistance exercises at 4 months
34
Q

What is the most common MOI in meniscal lesions?

A

Rotary force

35
Q

Symptoms of meniscus tear

A
  • swelling over 48-72 hours
  • joint line pain and loss of motion
  • intermittent locking and instability
  • pain with squatting
  • portions may become detached causing locking giving way or catching within the joint
36
Q

Meniscal lesions management

A
  • diagnostic testing
  • preserve the meniscus
  • full healing dependent on location
37
Q

Menisectomy rehab

A

-partial weight bearing and quick return to activity

38
Q

How long will rehab be for repaired meniscus?

A

Immobilization and gradual return to activity over 12 weeks

39
Q

Osteochondral Knee fractures

A

Fractures of cartilage and underlying bone varying in size and depth

40
Q

What causes osteochondral knee fractures?

A

Twisting, sudden cutting or direct blow

41
Q

Symptoms of O knee fracture

A
  • immediate swelling and considerable pain

- diffuse pain along the joint line

42
Q

What can happen with swelling of O knee fracture?

A

Can turn chronic that increases following strenuous activity

43
Q

What causes a patellar fracture?

A

Direct or indirect trauma

-semi flexed position with forcible contraction

44
Q

Symptoms of patellar fracture

A
  • swelling
  • possible deformity
  • little bone separation with direct injury
45
Q

Management of patellar fracture

A
  • x-ray for confirmation
  • RICE and splinting
  • refer and immobilize for 2-3 months
46
Q

What causes patella subluxation or dislocation?

A

Deceleration with simultaneous cutting in opposite direction (valgus force at knee)

47
Q

Acute patella subluxation or dislocation

A

Quad pulls patella out of alignment

48
Q

Can people be predisposed to patella dislocation?

A

Yes

49
Q

Symptoms of patella subluxation

A

Pain and swelling with restricted ROM and palpable tenderness

50
Q

Symptoms of patella dislocation

A
  • total loss of function until relocated

- potential articular surface damage to both bony surfaces

51
Q

What is another name for patellar tendinitis?

A

Jumper or kickers knee

52
Q

What causes patellar tendinitis?

A

Jumping or kicking

-sudden or repetitive extension

53
Q

Symptoms of patellar tendinitis

A

-pain and tenderness at inferior pole of patella or insertion of tendon on tibia

54
Q

What causes patellar tendon rupture?

A

Sudden, powerful quad contraction

55
Q

Where does patellar tendon rupture occur?

A

Point of attachment

56
Q

When does patellar tendon rupture occur?

A

-chronic inflammatory condition persists resulting in tissue degeneration

57
Q

Symptoms of patellar tendon rupture

A
  • palatable defect
  • lack of knee extension
  • considerable swelling and initial pain
58
Q

Management of patellar tendon rupture

A

-surgery

59
Q

What can minimize chances of patellar tendon rupture?

A

Proper and conservative care of jumpers knee

60
Q

What causes knee dislocation?

A

Extreme force involved including contact or non contact

61
Q

Why is knee dislocation a medical emergency?

A

Risk to neurovascualr structures

62
Q

What structures are involved in knee dislocation?

A
  • ligaments
  • cartilage
  • soft tissue
63
Q

management of knee dislocation

A
  • activate EMS
  • check neurovascular status distall
  • splint and transport

Kinesiology (23 decks)

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