Face And Throat Injuries Flashcards
How many bones are in the head?
22
What are the immovable joints that hold the head bones together?
Sutures
What is the scalp?
Loose connective tissue and skin
Parts of the brain (40
- cerebrum
- cerebellum
- pons
- medulla oblongata
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Surrounds and suspends the brain within the skull cavity
What does the CSF act as?
A cushion
Meninges
3 membranes surrounding brain/spinal cord
3 meninges
- dura mater
- arachnoid
- Pia mater
Dura mater
Outermost dense layer
Arachnoid
Weblike delicate layer
Pia mater
Innermost, thin layer that is highly vascularized and adheres closely to brain/cord
History in head injuries
- previous head trauma
- info regarding injury
- MOI
Possible MOI in head injuries
- direct blow
- deceleration of head (whiplash)
- shear force
Observation of head injury
What is normal for patient?
Palpation of head injury
- cervical spine
- skull
- point tenderness or deformity
Concussion
A type of mild traumatic brain injury that can result in variety or presentations or deficits
MTBI
Mild traumatic brain injury
Common deficits of concussion
- neurocognition deficits
- balance difficulty
- symptoms (headache, dizziness, ect)
What else can a concussion impact?
- sleep
- emotions or mood
- vision and eye tracking
- long term consequences
Does a concussion have diagnostic evidence/ is it a clear cut injury?
No
Why is a concussion hard to diagnose?
It is a disruption in brain function at a cellular level and doesn’t necessarily result in anatomical changes that you can see
Concussion evaluation
- clinical exam and impression
- neurocognitive function
- signs and symptoms
- balance assessment
Most important in concussion evaluation
Clinical exam
Optional steps in concussion evaluation
- visual acuity and eye tracking
- mood and emotional assessment
- sleep disturbance