Exercise And Rehab: Exam 2

Question 1

Decreased muscle mass

Answer 1

Atrophy

Question 2

How long can it take for adverse muscular changes?

Answer 2

24 hours

Question 3

How does lengthened or neutral position immobilization affect atrophy?

Answer 3

It tends to atrophy less

Question 4

What can slow down atrophy?

Answer 4

Isometric exercises and electrical stimulation

Question 5

What happens to nerves with immobilization?

Answer 5

They become less efficient in recruiting and stimulating muscle fibers. They forget how to work but they can be retrained

Question 6

What can help slow the loss of articular cartilage?

Answer 6

• continuous passive motion
• electrical muscle stimulation
• hinged casts

Question 7

What happens to cartilage in joint immobilization?

Answer 7

It is deprived of normal nutrition

Question 8

What does loss of normal compression lead to?

Answer 8

Decreased lubrication—>degeneration

Question 9

How do ligaments and bones adapt to normal stress?

Answer 9

Maintaining or increasing their strength

Question 10

What happens to ligaments and bones without stress?

Answer 10

They become weaker

Question 11

What type of activities must ligaments and bones undergo to regain lost strength?

Answer 11

“Controlled stress” following immobilization period

Question 12

What happens during Cardiorespiratory system immobilization?

Answer 12

-resting heart rate increases (working harder) and stroke vol and max O2 decrease

Question 13

What parts of rehab is the ATC responsible for?

Answer 13

• design
• implementation
• supervision

Question 14

Who is the primary decision maker on the sports medicine team?

Answer 14

ATC but input and guidance comes from other members

Question 15

What is the easy part of rehab?

Answer 15

Designing the program

Question 16

What is the hard part of rehab?

Answer 16

Knowing when and how to progress

Question 17

What must an ATC understand for a successful rehab approach?

Answer 17

-understanding of healing phases

Question 18

What may cause the goals of rehab to vary?

Answer 18

Based on setting and type of patient

Question 19

What is the goal of evaluation?

Answer 19

Identify deficits or problems that will become the “goals” of the rehab program

Question 20

Are the components of rehab considered tools or a recipe?

Answer 20

Tools

Question 21

How soon does swelling need to be controlled?

Answer 21

Immediately after the injury

Question 22

How does minimizing swelling help the healing process?

Answer 22

It speeds it up

Question 23

How do you minimize swelling?

Answer 23

RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)

Question 24

What 3 factors will pain depend on?

Answer 24

• severity of injury
• athletes response
• perception of pain and circumstances

Question 25

What can be used to modify pain?

Answer 25

RICE and analgesics (pain meds)

Question 26

Can pain interfere with rehab?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

Neuromuscluar control

Answer 27

The mind's attempt to teach the body conscious control of movement

Question 28

What happens to neuromuscular control during an injury?

Answer 28

CNS forgets how to put together information

Question 29

What is the goal of neuromuscular control?

Answer 29

Ability to follow a previously established sensory pattern

Question 30

Components of neuromuscular control (4)

Answer 30

- proprioception - dynamic stability - preparatory and reactive characteristics - conscious and unconscious functional motor patterns

Question 31

Proprioception

Answer 31

Position

Question 32

Kinesthesia

Answer 32

Movement

Question 33

Importance of core stability (3)

Answer 33

- improves dynamic postural control - ensures appropriate muscular balance for expression of functional strength - improves neuromuscular efficiency

Question 34

What can a weak core lead to?

Answer 34

Inefficient movements--->injury

Question 35

What 3 components should a stability program have?

Answer 35

- systematic - progressive - functional

Question 36

What causes decreased ROM?

Answer 36

Contracture of connective tissue or resistance to stretch musculotendinous unit

Question 37

What are the 2 components of restoring ROM?

Answer 37

Passive and active

Question 38

What must be accomplished before restoring muscular strength, power, and endurance?

Answer 38

Full pain free range of motion

Question 39

What is good for early part of rehab following immobilization?

Answer 39

Isometrics

Question 40

When is isometrics used?

Answer 40

When resistance through full range could make injury worse

Question 41

What does isometrics help?

Answer 41

Static strength, decrease/limit atrophy, create a muscle pump to decrease swelling

Question 42

What type of contractions does progressive resistance exercise use?

Answer 42

Isotoinic--->generates force while muscle changes length

Question 43

What other 2 muscle contractions are used in progressive resistance exercise?

Answer 43

Concentric and eccentric

Question 44

What contraction does PRE traditionally focus on?

Answer 44

Concentric

Question 45

What involves deceleration of limbs?

Answer 45

Eccentrics

Question 46

When is isokinetic exercise used?

Answer 46

Later stage of rehab

Question 47

What are isokinetic exercises?

Answer 47

Uses fixed speed with accommodating resistance

Question 48

What does isokinetic sallow calculation of?

Answer 48

- torque - force - average power - work ratios

Question 49

What does isokinetic exercise reduce at higher speeds?

Answer 49

joint compressive forces

Question 50

What are isokinetic exercises used to develop?

Answer 50

Neuromuscular patterns for functional speed and movements

Question 51

Balance

Answer 51

Maintenance of center of gravity within the base of support

Question 52

Why is it important to maintain Cardiorespiratory endurance?

Answer 52

Forced to miss training time so decreased Cardiorespiratory endurance

Question 53

Examples of alternative exercises for Cardiorespiratory endurance

Answer 53

Underwater treadmill

Question 54

Functional progressions

Answer 54

Involves a series of gradually progressive activities designed to prepare the individual for return to a specific sport

Question 55

4 steps of progression

Answer 55

- simple to complex skills - slow to fast speeds - short to long distances - light to heavy activities

Question 56

When should functional progression activities be done?

Answer 56

During team practice

Question 57

What is the optimal functional progression design?

Answer 57

Allow opportunity for practice of every skill required for sport

Question 58

How should pain and swelling be considered during functional progression?

Answer 58

- if it does not arise continue | - if it does, you might have overdone it

Question 59

Functional testing

Answer 59

Uses functional progression drills to assess the athletes ability to perform a specific activity

Question 60

What can functional testing determine?

Answer 60

- risk of injury due to limb asymmetry - provide objective measures of progress - determine level of activity tolerance

Question 61

Functional tests

Answer 61

- shuttle run - agility run - figure 8 - vertical jump - balance - hop for distance

Question 62

Open kinetic chain

Answer 62

Foot/ hand off the ground

Question 63

Close kinetic chain

Answer 63

Foot/ hand on the ground

Question 64

What does aquatic therapy provide?

Answer 64

Buoyancy and water resistance

Question 65

Joint mobilization and traction

Answer 65

Must be done manually (manipulation) and requires training

Question 66

Examples of manual therapy

Answer 66

Massage, Graston