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Kinesiology > Exercise And Rehab: Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exercise And Rehab: Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Decreased muscle mass

A

Atrophy

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2
Q

How long can it take for adverse muscular changes?

A

24 hours

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3
Q

How does lengthened or neutral position immobilization affect atrophy?

A

It tends to atrophy less

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4
Q

What can slow down atrophy?

A

Isometric exercises and electrical stimulation

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5
Q

What happens to nerves with immobilization?

A

They become less efficient in recruiting and stimulating muscle fibers. They forget how to work but they can be retrained

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6
Q

What can help slow the loss of articular cartilage?

A
  • continuous passive motion
  • electrical muscle stimulation
  • hinged casts
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7
Q

What happens to cartilage in joint immobilization?

A

It is deprived of normal nutrition

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8
Q

What does loss of normal compression lead to?

A

Decreased lubrication—>degeneration

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9
Q

How do ligaments and bones adapt to normal stress?

A

Maintaining or increasing their strength

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10
Q

What happens to ligaments and bones without stress?

A

They become weaker

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11
Q

What type of activities must ligaments and bones undergo to regain lost strength?

A

“Controlled stress” following immobilization period

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12
Q

What happens during Cardiorespiratory system immobilization?

A

-resting heart rate increases (working harder) and stroke vol and max O2 decrease

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13
Q

What parts of rehab is the ATC responsible for?

A
  • design
  • implementation
  • supervision
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14
Q

Who is the primary decision maker on the sports medicine team?

A

ATC but input and guidance comes from other members

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15
Q

What is the easy part of rehab?

A

Designing the program

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16
Q

What is the hard part of rehab?

A

Knowing when and how to progress

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17
Q

What must an ATC understand for a successful rehab approach?

A

-understanding of healing phases

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18
Q

What may cause the goals of rehab to vary?

A

Based on setting and type of patient

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19
Q

What is the goal of evaluation?

A

Identify deficits or problems that will become the “goals” of the rehab program

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20
Q

Are the components of rehab considered tools or a recipe?

A

Tools

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21
Q

How soon does swelling need to be controlled?

A

Immediately after the injury

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22
Q

How does minimizing swelling help the healing process?

A

It speeds it up

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23
Q

How do you minimize swelling?

A

RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)

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24
Q

What 3 factors will pain depend on?

A
  • severity of injury
  • athletes response
  • perception of pain and circumstances
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25
Q

What can be used to modify pain?

A

RICE and analgesics (pain meds)

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26
Q

Can pain interfere with rehab?

A

Yes

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27
Q

Neuromuscluar control

A

The mind’s attempt to teach the body conscious control of movement

28
Q

What happens to neuromuscular control during an injury?

A

CNS forgets how to put together information

29
Q

What is the goal of neuromuscular control?

A

Ability to follow a previously established sensory pattern

30
Q

Components of neuromuscular control (4)

A
  • proprioception
  • dynamic stability
  • preparatory and reactive characteristics
  • conscious and unconscious functional motor patterns
31
Q

Proprioception

A

Position

32
Q

Kinesthesia

A

Movement

33
Q

Importance of core stability (3)

A
  • improves dynamic postural control
  • ensures appropriate muscular balance for expression of functional strength
  • improves neuromuscular efficiency
34
Q

What can a weak core lead to?

A

Inefficient movements—>injury

35
Q

What 3 components should a stability program have?

A
  • systematic
  • progressive
  • functional
36
Q

What causes decreased ROM?

A

Contracture of connective tissue or resistance to stretch musculotendinous unit

37
Q

What are the 2 components of restoring ROM?

A

Passive and active

38
Q

What must be accomplished before restoring muscular strength, power, and endurance?

A

Full pain free range of motion

39
Q

What is good for early part of rehab following immobilization?

A

Isometrics

40
Q

When is isometrics used?

A

When resistance through full range could make injury worse

41
Q

What does isometrics help?

A

Static strength, decrease/limit atrophy, create a muscle pump to decrease swelling

42
Q

What type of contractions does progressive resistance exercise use?

A

Isotoinic—>generates force while muscle changes length

43
Q

What other 2 muscle contractions are used in progressive resistance exercise?

A

Concentric and eccentric

44
Q

What contraction does PRE traditionally focus on?

A

Concentric

45
Q

What involves deceleration of limbs?

A

Eccentrics

46
Q

When is isokinetic exercise used?

A

Later stage of rehab

47
Q

What are isokinetic exercises?

A

Uses fixed speed with accommodating resistance

48
Q

What does isokinetic sallow calculation of?

A
  • torque
  • force
  • average power
  • work ratios
49
Q

What does isokinetic exercise reduce at higher speeds?

A

joint compressive forces

50
Q

What are isokinetic exercises used to develop?

A

Neuromuscular patterns for functional speed and movements

51
Q

Balance

A

Maintenance of center of gravity within the base of support

52
Q

Why is it important to maintain Cardiorespiratory endurance?

A

Forced to miss training time so decreased Cardiorespiratory endurance

53
Q

Examples of alternative exercises for Cardiorespiratory endurance

A

Underwater treadmill

54
Q

Functional progressions

A

Involves a series of gradually progressive activities designed to prepare the individual for return to a specific sport

55
Q

4 steps of progression

A
  • simple to complex skills
  • slow to fast speeds
  • short to long distances
  • light to heavy activities
56
Q

When should functional progression activities be done?

A

During team practice

57
Q

What is the optimal functional progression design?

A

Allow opportunity for practice of every skill required for sport

58
Q

How should pain and swelling be considered during functional progression?

A
  • if it does not arise continue

- if it does, you might have overdone it

59
Q

Functional testing

A

Uses functional progression drills to assess the athletes ability to perform a specific activity

60
Q

What can functional testing determine?

A
  • risk of injury due to limb asymmetry
  • provide objective measures of progress
  • determine level of activity tolerance
61
Q

Functional tests

A
  • shuttle run
  • agility run
  • figure 8
  • vertical jump
  • balance
  • hop for distance
62
Q

Open kinetic chain

A

Foot/ hand off the ground

63
Q

Close kinetic chain

A

Foot/ hand on the ground

64
Q

What does aquatic therapy provide?

A

Buoyancy and water resistance

65
Q

Joint mobilization and traction

A

Must be done manually (manipulation) and requires training

66
Q

Examples of manual therapy

A

Massage, Graston

Kinesiology (23 decks)

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