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Kinesiology > The Foot: Exam 3 > Flashcards

The Foot: Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Plantar Fascia

A

Thick band of fibrous tissue extending from calcaneus to metatarsal heads

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2
Q

What does the plantar fascia do?

A

Help support the arch of the foot

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3
Q

Support/ Stance phase of walking

A

-strike
-midsupport
Take-off

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4
Q

Recovery/ swing phase of walking gate

A
  • follow through
  • forward swing
  • decent
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5
Q

What extra phase does the running gait have?

A

A flight phase where neither foot is touching the ground

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6
Q

What type of strikers do distance runner tend to be?

A

Heel strikers

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7
Q

What type of strikers do sprinters tend to be?

A

Forefoot strikers

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8
Q

What type of injuries do excessive pronators tend to have?

A

Stress injuries such as tibial rotation at the knee

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9
Q

Are excessive pronators’ feet too mobile or rigid?

A

Mobile

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10
Q

What type of injuries do excessive supinations have?

A

Other injuries such as inversion sprains

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11
Q

Are excessive supinators’ feet too rigid or too mobile?

A

Too rigid

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12
Q

What type of foot has a high arch?

A

Excessive supination

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13
Q

What type of foot has a normal arch?

A

Neutral

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14
Q

What type of foot does a low arch have?

A

Excessive pronation

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15
Q

Pes Cavus

A
  • high arch
  • excessive supination
  • poor shock absorption
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16
Q

Pes plantus

A
  • flat foot
  • excessive pronation
  • pain and weakness
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17
Q

When should abnormal foot postures be corrected?

A

If they cause symptoms or problems

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18
Q

How to prevent foot injuries with appropriate footwear

A
  • match shoe to foot type
  • match activity and surface
  • use orthotic
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19
Q

What type of shoe should a pronator wear?

A

Rigid

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20
Q

What type of shoe should a supinator wear?

A

Flexible

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21
Q

How do you prevent foot injuries?

A
  • appropriate footwear

- foot hygiene

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22
Q

How to asses foot injuries

A
  • history
  • observation
  • shoe wear
  • palpation
  • special test
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23
Q

How to asses history

A
  • generic history questions

- specific to the foot

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24
Q

Questions to ask about history specific to the foot

A
  • pain type and location
  • surfaces
  • training
  • footwear
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25
Q

how to assess foot by observation

A
  • limping or difficulty weight bearing
  • pes plantus or cavus
  • foot alignment
  • deformities
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26
Q

How to check shoe wear

A

Check bottom of shoes for wear patterns

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27
Q

How to assess foot injuries with palpation

A
  • bony
  • soft tissue
  • pulses
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28
Q

2 pulse locations on the foot

A
  • dorsalis pedis pulse

- posterior tibial

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29
Q

How to assess foot injuries with special tests

A
  • ROM

- other special tests

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30
Q

How to test ROM

A
  • active
  • passive
  • resisted
31
Q

Other special tests for the foot

A
  • choose tests based on pathology

- neurological assessment

32
Q

Testing nurological assessment of the foot

A
  • sensation
  • motor function
  • reflexes
33
Q

Tarsal injuries (5)

A
  • fractures
  • apophysitis
  • retrocalcaneal bursitis
  • heel contusion
  • LisFranc sprain
34
Q

Where tarsal fractures are common

A
  • talus

- calcaneus

35
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

A

Pain in proximal arch and heel at attachment site

36
Q

When is plantar fasciitis pain the worst?

A

Mornings

37
Q

What causes plantar fasciitis?

A
  • poor shoes
  • overtraining
  • poor surface
  • foot type
  • other causes
38
Q

How to treat plantar fasciitis (7)

A
  • orthotic/ arch taping
  • heel cup
  • proper shoes
  • stretching
  • night splint
  • NSAIDs
  • last resort: surgery
39
Q

Where does a Jones fracture occur?

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

40
Q

What are the symptoms of a Jones Fracture?

A

Swelling and pain

41
Q

How to diagnose a Jones fracture

A

X-ray

42
Q

How to treat a Jones fracture

A
  • crutches and a boot
  • nonunion
  • internal fixation
43
Q

Difference between bunion and bunionette

A

Bunionette is on the pinky toe

44
Q

What causes bunions?

A

Foot type and poor shoes

45
Q

Symptoms of bunions

A
  • pain
  • swelling
  • joint enlargement
  • mal-alignment
46
Q

Bunion treatment

A

Surgery

47
Q

Sesamoids

A

Bones within tendons

48
Q

Sesamoiditis

A

Occurs in the bones within tendons of the big toe and it becomes inflamed and fractured

49
Q

What are the symptoms of sesamoiditis (when does it hurt)?

A

Pain when you push off

50
Q

Treatment of sesamoiditis

A
  • orthotic pad
  • arch support
  • decrease activity
51
Q

Metatarsalgia

A

Pain in the ball of the foot usually under 2nd or 3rd metatarsal

52
Q

What causes metatarsalgia?

A

Calf tightness—> shortened stance—> increased pressure under the forefoot

53
Q

Symptoms of metarsalgia

A

Pain and numbness or tingling

54
Q

How to treat metatarsalgia

A

Apply metatarsal support pad or bar and stretch

55
Q

Morton’s Neuroma

A

Extra nerve mass grows usually between 3-4 MT

56
Q

Types of pain with mortons

A

Burning paresthesia and severe and intermittent

57
Q

Other symptoms of mortons

A

Numb and tingling

58
Q

How to diagnose mortons (2 ways)

A

X-ray or bone scan

59
Q

How to treat mortons

A
  • MT pad

- better shoes

60
Q

Turf toe

A

Hyperextension of the great toe

61
Q

Is turf toe acute or chronic?

A

Both

62
Q

Symptoms of turf toe

A

Pain and swelling

63
Q

What activity does turf toe hurt?

A

Pushing off

64
Q

How to treat turf toe

A

Tape and rigid insole

65
Q

How to get toe sprain, fracture, dislocation

A
  • kicking

- being stepped on

66
Q

Symptoms of a sprain

A

Swelling and pain

67
Q

How to treat a sprain

A
  • RICE

- buddy taping

68
Q

Symptoms of fracture

A
  • pain

- deformity

69
Q

How to treat fractures

A

Buddy taping

70
Q

How common are dislocations?

A

Rare

71
Q

Morton’s toe

A

Short first MT and the 2nd toe looks longer

72
Q

What does Morton’s toe cause?

A

Greater stress on 2nd MT and sometimes stress fractures

73
Q

How and when to treat mortons toe

A

Orthotics only if symptomatic

74
Q

Foot rehab (6)

A
  • treat symptomatic structural problems (tape orthotics)
  • protect weight bearing
  • joint mobilization
  • flexibility
  • muscular strength
  • neuromuscular control

Kinesiology (23 decks)

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