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Kinesiology > Elbow, Wrist, Hand > Flashcards

Elbow, Wrist, Hand Flashcards

1
Q

3 bones of the elbow

A
  • humerus
  • radius
  • ulna
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2
Q

What side is the ulna on?

A

Pinky side

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3
Q

What side is the radius on?

A

Thumb side

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4
Q

Bony landmarks of the elbow

A
  • medial and lateral epicondyles (humerus)
  • olecranon process (ulna)
  • head of the radius
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5
Q

Elbow ligaments

A
  • ulnar collateral ligament (similar to MCL)
  • radial collateral ligament (similar to LCL)
  • annular ligament
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6
Q

UCL

A

Connects medial side of humerus to ulna

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7
Q

RCL

A

Connects lateral side of humerus to radius

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8
Q

Annular ligament

A

Wraps around the head of the radius and holds it in place during forearm pronation

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9
Q

Biceps and triceps function

A

Primary elbow flexor and extensors

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10
Q

Where do wrist and finger flexor originate?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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11
Q

Where do wrist and finger extensors originate?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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12
Q

Where is the ulnar nerve?

A

Medially thru ulnar groove

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13
Q

Other elbow structures

A

Olecranon bursa

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14
Q

Where do elbow flexion and extension occur?

A

Hinge joint between humerus and ulna

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15
Q

Forearm pronation and supination function

A

Rotational component of radius and humerus

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16
Q

What meets to form the wrist joint

A

Distal radius and ulna meet the proximal carpal bones

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17
Q

How many carpal bones are there?

A

8

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18
Q

What are the carpal bones?

A
  • scaphoid (navicular)
  • lunate
  • triquetral
  • pisiform
  • trapezium
  • trapezoid
  • capitate
  • hamate
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19
Q

How many metacarpals?

A

5

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20
Q

How many phalanges?

A

14

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21
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

A small space on the anterior surface of the wrist that has tendons, nerves, and blood supplies running through it

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22
Q

What can cause carpal tunnel symptoms in hands?

A

If tendons or sheaths get inflamed, pressure on medial nerve or blood vessel

23
Q

6 wrist motions

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • radial deviation (thumb lower)
  • ulnar deviation (thumb higher)
  • pronation
  • supination
24
Q

Finger anatomy

A
  • flexor and extensor tendons running to each digit (extensor on top)
  • collateral ligaments around each IP joint
25
Q

Injuries to wrist elbow and finger

A
  • fractures
  • dislocation
  • sprain
  • strains
  • Tendinitis
  • bursitis
26
Q

What causes strain?

A

Excessive force on muscle or tendon

27
Q

Lateral epicondylitis

A
  • tennis elbow

- inflammation of wrist/ hand extensors at lateral epicondyle

28
Q

Medial epicondylitis

A
  • “pitchers elbow” or “little league elbow”

- inflammation of wrist/ finger flexor muscles at medial epicondyle

29
Q

Symptoms of strains, tennis elbow, and pitchers elbow

A
  • Point tenderness

- pain with muscle activation and with muscle stretch

30
Q

What causes a UCL sprain?

A

Overstretch of ligament fibers by traumatic valgus force

31
Q

Where are UCL injuries common?

A

Pitching

32
Q

What is the recovery for UCL sprain?

A

Tommy john surgery

33
Q

Olecranon bursitis

A

Usually caused by direct blow to area and the bursa becomes irritates and swells

34
Q

What is the most commonly injured carpal?

A

Scaphoid

35
Q

What causes a carpal fracture?

A

FOOSH

36
Q

Why are carpal fractures susceptible to avascular necrosis?

A

Poor blood supply

37
Q

Where is pain in carpal fracture?

A

Anatomical snuffbox

38
Q

What causes strain or tendinitis?

A

Chronic/ overuse or traumatic force

39
Q

What causes ligament sprains?

A

FOOSH

40
Q

Symptoms of ligament sprains?

A
  • pain
  • swelling
  • loss of strength
  • loss of ROM
  • instability
41
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Inflammation of one or more of the structures in the carpal tunnel, usually leading to neurological irritation and symptoms due to compression of the median nerve

42
Q

Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

A
  • numbness and tingling in the hand

- loss of strength in hand musculature

43
Q

How to treat carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Treat conservatively with RICE, NSAIDs, splinting

-injection and surgery if necessary

44
Q

Mallet finger

A

-extensor tendon avulsion causing inability to extend tip of finger

45
Q

Jersey finger

A

Avulsion of flexor tendon causing inability to flex distal tip of finger

46
Q

Boutinneire deformity

A

Disruption of extensor tendons causing PIP flexion and DIP in extension

47
Q

Finger sprains or dislocations

A

Damage to the collateral ligaments of IP joints

“Jammed finger”

48
Q

Symptoms of finger sprains

A
  • pain
  • swelling
  • possibly deformity
  • possible pain with ROM and strength testing
49
Q

Treatment of finger injuries

A
  • Surgery is not usually necessary unless fracture will not heal well conservatively
  • reduce dislocations and splint fractures
50
Q

What is important in treating finger injuries?

A

Identify early

51
Q

How should finger be splinted?

A

Position to promote healing of involved structure

52
Q

Why is it important to catch finger injuries early?

A

After acute phase, some injuries will not heal correctly if not identified and splinted correctly

53
Q

other treatment of finger injuries

A
  • buddy taping
  • splinting
  • RICE
  • NSAIDs

Kinesiology (23 decks)

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