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Kinesiology > Shoulder Part 2: Exam 3 > Flashcards

Shoulder Part 2: Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Injuries to the shoulder complex

A
  • bony
  • ligament
  • muscle
  • tendon
  • overuse
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2
Q

What causes a clavicle fracture?

A
  • FOOSH
  • direct impact
  • fall on tip of shoulder
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3
Q

What does FOOSH mean?

A

Fall on out stretch hand

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4
Q

Symptoms of clavicle fracture

A
  • Clavicle may appear lower or more prominent in the middle third
  • pain on palpation
  • swelling
  • deformity
  • point tenderness
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5
Q

Management of clavicle fracture

A
  • closed reduction
  • sling
  • immobilize with figure 8brace for 6-8 weeks
  • may require surgery
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6
Q

Where is the most common place for a clavicle fracture?

A

Middle third

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7
Q

What causes a scapula fracture?

A

Direct impact or force transmitted thru humerus

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8
Q

Symptoms of scapula fracture

A

Pain during shoulder movement

  • swelling
  • point tenderness
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9
Q

Management of scapula fracture

A
  • sling immediately
  • follow up with x-ray
  • sling for 3 weeks
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10
Q

What causes a humeral shaft fracture?

A
  • direct blow

- FOOSH

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11
Q

What is the danger of a humeral fracture?

A

Nerve and blood supply

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12
Q

Symptoms of humerus fracture

A
  • pain
  • swelling
  • point tenderness
  • decreased ROM
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13
Q

Management of humerus fracture

A

-immediate application of splint, treat for shock, refer

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14
Q

Difference in management of humeral fracture and proximal fracture

A

H: remove from activity for 3-4 months
P: incapacitation for 2-6 months

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15
Q

What causes a SC sprain?

A
  • indirect force

- Blunt trauma

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16
Q

Symptoms of grade 1 SC sprain

A

Pain and slight disability

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17
Q

Symptoms of grade 2 SC sprain

A
  • pain
  • subluxation with deformity
  • swelling
  • point tenderness
  • decreased ROM
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18
Q

Grade 3 SC sprain symptoms

A
  • gross deformity (dislocation)
  • pain
  • swelling
  • decreased ROM
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19
Q

When is a SC sprain life threatening?

A

If it dislocates posteriorly

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20
Q

Management of SC sprain

A
  • RICE
  • reduction
  • immobilize for 3-5 weeks
  • graded reconditioning
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21
Q

what causes an AC sprain?

A
  • direct blow
  • upward force from the humerus
  • FOOSH
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22
Q

Symptoms of AC sprain

A

-pain with direct Alsatian and stress to joint

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23
Q

What can AC sprain be confused with?

A

AC joint contusion

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24
Q

How many grades of AC sprain?

A

1-6 based on severity

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25
Q

Grade 2 AC sprain symptom

A

-deformity

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26
Q

Grade 3+ AC sprain

A

Need surgery

27
Q

AC sprain management

A
  • ice
  • stabilization
  • refer
  • agressive rehab
  • specialized padding
28
Q

Grades 1-3 non operative

A

3-4 days and weeks of immobilization respectively

29
Q

GH sprain cause

A

Forced abduction or external rotation or a direct blow

30
Q

Symptoms of GH sprain

A
  • pain during movement especiallyy when recreating MOI

- decreased ROM and pain with palpation n

31
Q

Management GH sprain

A
  • RICE 24-48 hours
  • sling
  • modalities and passive/active ROM after initial inflammatory hase
  • begin strength when pain free
32
Q

What should you be aware of with GH sprain?

A

Potential developments of chronic conditions (instability)

33
Q

Acute subluxation and dislocation cause

A

-translation of humeral head from glenoid

34
Q

Most common MOI for dislocation

A

Forced abduction and external rotation

35
Q

Symptoms of Sub and Dis

A
  • pain and deformity
  • dead arm
  • palpation of humeral head in axillaire
36
Q

Management of sub and Dis

A
  • RICE
  • reduction by doctor
  • immobilize for 3 weeks
  • isometrics in sling
  • progress to resistance exercises
  • protective bracing
37
Q

Possible sub and dis complications

A
  • bank art lesion

- SLAP lesion

38
Q

Blankart lesion

A

Permanent anterior defect of labrum

39
Q

SLAP lesion

A

Defect in superior labrum

  • biracial nerves may be compromised
  • rotator cuff injury
  • fracture
  • bicep tendon sub
40
Q

Cause of chronic recurrent instabilities

A
  • traumatic
  • atraumatic
  • microtrauma
  • congenital
  • neuromuscular
41
Q

What happens as supporting tissue becomes more lax

A

Mobility increases resulting in damage to other soft tissue structure

42
Q

Symptoms of anterior instability

A
  • clicking
  • pain
  • dead arm
  • positive apprehension test
43
Q

Posterior instability symptoms

A
  • impingement
  • loss of internal rotation
  • increased laxity
44
Q

Multidirectional instability symptoms

A

-inferior laxity
-positive sulcus sign
-pain and clicking with arm at side
Possible signs of anterior and posterior

45
Q

Management of instability

A
  • conservative treatment
  • extensive strengthening
  • avoid joint mobilization and flexibility exercises
  • restraints and harnesses to limit motion
  • surgery
46
Q

What causes impingement

A

-overhead activities

47
Q

Impingement

A

Decreased space under coracoacromial arch—> mechanical compression or tendons and bursa

48
Q

Exacerbating factors in impingement

A
  • laxity
  • inflammation
  • postural mal-alignment
49
Q

Symptoms of impingement

A
  • diffuse pain
  • pain on palpation of subacromial space
  • in overhead athletes doctors may see increased GH external rotation and decreased internal rotation
50
Q

What causes rotator cuff tear?

A

Acute trauma or impingement

51
Q

What types of rotator cuff tears are there?

A

Partial or complete thickness

52
Q

When does full thickness tear occur?

A

Athletes with a long history (does not occur in young athletes)

53
Q

Management of rotator cuff tear

A
  • pain med
  • immobilization
  • electrical stimulation
  • NSAIDs and ultrasound
  • restore appropriate mechanics and strengthen rotator cuff to depress and compress humeral head to restore space
54
Q

Frozen shoulder (adhesive capulitis)

A
  • Contracted and thickened joint capsule with little synovial fluid
  • chronic inflammation with contracted inelastic rotator cuff muscles
  • generalized pain with motions resulting in resistance of movement
55
Q

Symptoms of frozen shoulder

A

Pain in all directions with both passive and active motion

56
Q

Management of frozen shoulder

A

Aggressive joint mobilizations and stretching of tight muscles

57
Q

What causes bicep rupture

A

-powerful contraction

58
Q

Where does bicep rupture occur?

A

Near origin of muscle at bicep groove

59
Q

Symptoms of bicep reupture

A
  • hears snap
  • budge near middle of bicep
  • definite weakness with elbow flexion and supination
60
Q

Management of bicep rupture

A
  • ice for hemmhorage
  • arm in sling
  • refer
  • surgery required
  • older person might not require surgery
61
Q

Bicep tenosynovitis cause

A

-repetitive overhead ballistic activity that involves repeated stretching of biceps causing irritation of the tendon haft

62
Q

Symptoms of bicep T

A

Tenderness over bicipital groove

  • swelling
  • crepitis
  • inflammation
  • overhead pain
63
Q

Management of Bicpe T

A
  • RICE and ultrasound to treat inflammation
  • NSAIDs
  • gradual program of strengthening and stretching

Kinesiology (23 decks)

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