Quiz 1: Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the history of athletic training?
- the Greeks and Romans used home remedies especially for gladiators
- mid to late 20th century home remedies and massage
What are the three terms used for an athletic trainer?
- Athletic Trainer
- Certified Athletic Trainer
- ATC
Certified Athletic Trainer
Health care professional that specializes in preventing, recognizing, managing, and rehabilitating injuries that result from physical activity
Who does the ATC work for?
Under the direct supervision of a licensed physician. Also works with other health care professionals, athletic admins, coaches, and parents
What falls under the sports medicine performance enhancement branch?
Coaches, strength and conditioning, nutrition, sports psychology, biomechanics
What branch of sports medicine does Athletic Training fall under? What are other examples of this branch?
Injury care and management; physical therapy, massage therapy, dentistry, chiropractic
Primary Player on Sports Medicine Team
- athlete
- coach
- Physician
- ATC
- parents (high school)
Sports medicine team
- physician
- ATC
- dentist
- coaches
- parents
- EMTs
- Orthopedic surgeons
Athletic Trainers’ Domains (5)
- injury/ illness prevention and wellness protection
- clinical evaluation and diagnosis
- immediate and emergency care
- treatment and rehabilitation
- organizational and professional health and well-being
Athletic Trainers knowledge (12)
- risk management and injury prevention
- pathology of injuries and illnesses
- orthopedic clinical exam and diagnosis
- medical conditions and disabilities
- acute care of injuries and illnesses
- therapeutic modalities
- conditioning and rehabilitative exercise
- Pharmacology
- psychosocial intervention/ referral
- nutritional aspects of injury/ illness
- health care admin
- professional development and responsibility
Risk management
Equipment knowledge, be aware of surrounding (heat injuries)
Pathology of injury/ illness
How an injury happens and how it resolves
Nutritional aspects of injury/ illness
Prevention, post-injury (wisdom teeth, jaw surgery, ect)
Health care administration
Coordination with referrals and follow-ups
Personal qualities (8)
- stamina and ability to adapt
- empathy
- sense of humor
- communication
- intellectual curiosity
- ethics
- personal support
- stubborn
Importance of engaging in evidence based practice (5)
- develop a clinical question
- search literature
- appraise the evidence
- apply the evidence
- asses the outcome
NATA
National Athletic Trainers’ Association; enhance the quality of health care provided by certified athletic trainers and to advance the athletic training profession
AMA
American Medical Association; recognized athletic training as an allied health field in 1990
BOC
Board of Certification; responsible for the certification exam for athletic trainers
CAATE
Commission for Accreditation of Athletic Training Education;
How to become an ATC
- bachelor’s degree from a CAATE accredited institution
- a master’s from a CAATE accredited institution with prerequisites
- Pass the BOC exam
First 2 years of becoming an ATC
- complete prerequisite math, English, and science courses
- complete athletic training prerequisites
- Apply and acceptance to department
- Apply to ATEP
Clinical experiences to become ATC
- equipment intensive sport (football)
- upper extremity (baseball) and lower extremity (soccer)
- male and female sports
- out of season sport
- up to 25 hours per week
- 100 hours per month
BOC exam
Sets the standards for the practice of athletic training. (Only accredited certifying body for ATC in US)
Parts of BOC
- proof of degree, courses, clinical experience, and endorsement of program director
- computerized (practical skills, theoretical knowledge, situational knowledge)
Practicing as ATC
- under supervision of physician
- in accordance with state acts (licensure: most restrictive, certification, registration)
- liability insurance
Employment settings
- clinics and hospitals
- physician extenders: orthopedic office
- corporate setting (delta)
- industrial setting
- Traditional
- pro sports
- performing arts
- military
- wellness clubs
ATC Continuing Education
-required every 3 years
Conventions, workshops, self study, research, ect
Superior
Towards the top
Inferior
Towards the bottom
Caudal
Towards the hind
Anterior
Towards front
Posterior
Towards the back
Medial
Towards the midline
Lateral
Away from the midline
External
Towards surface
Internal
Interior of the body
Proximal
Close to
Distal
Far away
Dorsum
Back of
Palmar
Relating to the palm
Bilateral
Both sides
Unilateral
One side
Ipsilateral
Same side as
Contalateral
Opposite side
Flexion
Decreasing angle
Extension
Increasing angle
Abduction
Away from the midline
Adduction
Towards the midline
Lateral rotation (external)
Rotating outward
Medial rotation (internal)
Rotating inward
Plantar flexsion
Pointing toe, pushing down
Dorsi flexsion
Bringing toe up, pulling up
Ulnar deviation
Tilting towards thumb side
Radial deviation
Tilting toward pinky side
Pronation
Wrist rotation inward (Palm down)
Supination
Wrist rotation outward (Palm up)
Elevation
Ex. Shoulder shrugs (up)
Depression
Ex. Shoulder shrugs (downward push)
Protraction
Ex. Shoulders come forward
Retraction
Ex. Shoulder go back
Opposition
Fingers across (pinky to thumb)
Reposition
Fingers go back
Valgus
Force coming outside in
Varus
Force from the inside
Inversion
Roll ankle towards midline
Eversion
Roll ankle outward/ laterally
Safety standards for equipment and facilities
Concerns relative to materials, durability, establishment of standards, manufacturing, testing methods, and requirements for use
Safety Standards pt 2
- maintenance
- reconditioning
What should concern for equipment be?
Safety standards-not appearance
Injury due to defect
Manufacturer is liable
Modified equipment injury
Modifier is liable
Equipment reconditioning
NOCSAE established voluntary testing standards to reduce head injuries (takes into account the type of helmet and intensity usage)
NOCSAE helmet standard
Not a warranty and indicates that helmet met requirements of performance tests (should undergo regular reconditioning)
Head protection
Direct collision sports require head protection
Football helmets
- NOCSAE standards for football helmets
- not always fail-safe
- must be aware of risk (athlete and parents)
Helmet warnings
Each helmet must have a visible warning label and athlete must be aware of risks
Other sports with helmets
- ice hockey
- lacrosse
- baseball
- cycling
- equestrian
Soccer headgear
Designed to reduce risk of concussion due to heading ball. Disperses impact with the foam padding. No research to back up
Face protection’s four categories
- face guard
- throat protection
- mouth guard
- ear guard
- eye protection
Face guard
- reduced facial injuries
- mounted properly with no additional attachments (invalidates the warranty)
- mountings must be flushed to the helmet
- ATC must know how to remove the face guard due to emergency
Youth hockey
Face masks are required
-opening cannot allow passage of sticks/pucks
Throat protection
- protect against laryngotracheal injuries (rare but fatal)
- baseball catcher, lacrosse and hockey goalies are most at risk
Mouth guards
- prevent dental injuries
- protect teeth and minimize lip lacerations
Mouth guard fitting
- should not hinder breathing or speech
- extend to far back molar
- formed to fit teeth and upper jaw
Mouth guard warranty
Do not cut down. It will void the warranty
Three types of mouth guards
- stock
- commercial (boil and bite)
- custom (dental mold)
Ear guards
- not common; used in water polo, boxing, wrestling
- prevent ear irritation or deformity
eye protection
- most eye injuries are sports related
- blunt trauma
Trunk and thorax protection
- essential in many sports
- must protect regions exposed to impact of force (external genitalia, bony protuberances, shoulder, ribs, spine)
Risk compensation
Adjusting behavior based on risk
Sports bras
- minimize excessive vertical and horizontal movements that occur with running and jumping
- hold breast to chest preventing the stretching of Cooper’s ligament
Hips and Buttox (sports and types)
- required in collision and high velocity sports
- boxing, snow skiers, equestrian, jockey, water skiers
- girdle and belt types
Groin and genitalia protection (types of sports and specific sports, and types of protection)
- high velocity projectiles
- cup protection for males
- stock item that fits into athletic supporter or shorts
- football, baseball, softball
Lower extremities protective equipment
-socks
-shoes
(Type, wear and longevity replace shoes every 3ish months fit)
Foot orthotics
Corrects biomechanical problems that can cause injury
Types of foot orthotics
-plastic, thermoplastic, rubber, soberthane, leather support, ready made
Who can customize orthotics?
Physician, podiatrist, PT, ATC
Ankle braces
- use for prevention (wont prevent injury, but can lessen the injury)
- proprioceptive
Shin and lower leg protection
-shin protection used in field hockey and soccer
Knee braces
- prevent injuries outer ligaments
- does not necessarily help ACL because it is an inner ligament
Types of braces
- rehabilitative (post-op, progressive immobilization, adjustable)
- functional (during and post rehab for support)
- neoprene (medial and lateral support, collateral ligament damage, proprioceptive)
Elbow wrist and hand protection
- elbow, wrist, and hand susceptible to fracture, dislocation, ligament sprains, muscle strains
- used by linemen
Construction of Protective and Supportive Devices
- ATC should be able to design and construct protective devices
- must have knowledge of theoretical basis of padding and construction
- art form based on science
Tools for customizing
- adhesives
- adhesive tape
- heat source (thermomoldable)
- shaping tools (scissors, blades, knives)
- fastening materials (snaps, velcro, laces)
Dynamics splints
- injuries in hands and fingers
- Long duration tension on healing structure (cast can make structure stiff)
- combo of thermomoldable plastic, elastic, Velcro
