Modalities: Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Should modalities take the place of therapeutic exercises?

A

No, they should be in adjunct

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2
Q

What is important to understand in modalities?

A

How they work and their role in the healing process. Also should know indications and contradictions

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3
Q

types of energy used in modalities

A
  • thermal conductive
  • electromagnetic
  • sound
  • mechanical
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4
Q

What can happen to these tissues once they come in contact with biological tissue?

A
  • reflected
  • refracted
  • Absorbed
  • transmitted
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5
Q

What are the physiological effects on heat dependent on?

A
  • type of heat energy applied
  • intensity of energy
  • duration of exposure
  • Tissue response
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6
Q

What are the desired effects of Thermotherapy?

A
  • increase collagen extensibility
  • reduce stiffness
  • reduce pain
  • increase blood flow
  • reduction of edema and swelling
  • relieving muscle spams
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7
Q

Conduction

A

Heat transferred from a warmer object to a cooler one

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8
Q

What is conduction dependent on?

A
  • temp

- exposure time

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9
Q

What temp will cause damage?

A

116.6 degrees and 113 degrees should not be in contact with skin longer than 30 minutes

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10
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat through movement of fluids or gases

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11
Q

Radiation

A

Heat is transferred from one object thru space to another object

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12
Q

Examples of radiation

A

Shortwave diathermy, infrared heating and ultraviolet therapy

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13
Q

Conversion

A

Generation of heat from another object (sound electricity)

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14
Q

Examples of electromagnetic energy

A

Shortwave, low level laser therapy, diathermy, lasers

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15
Q

What does electromagnetic therapy rely on?

A

Electromagnetic energy which travels at the speed of light

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16
Q

What is diathermy good for?

A

Deep heating for large areas

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17
Q

Example of acoustic

A

Ultrasound

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18
Q

Acoustic

A

High frequency sound waves vibrate tissue and produces heat and impacts cell membrane permeability

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19
Q

Mechanical examples

A

Traction, intermittent compression

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20
Q

Mechanical

A

Involves mechanically stretching, compressing , and manipulating soft tissue and joint structures

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21
Q

Hydrocollator packs

A

Gel packs submerged into 160-170 degree water

22
Q

How long do Hydrocollator packs maintain heat?

A

20-30 minutes

23
Q

What are Hydrocollator packs used for?

A

General muscle relaxation and reduction of spams

24
Q

Limitation of Hydrocollator packs

A

Unable to heat deeper tissue

25
Whirlpool
Varying size tank with turbines that agitate water
26
What does whirlpool combine?
Combines massage and water immersion
27
What type of Thermotherapy is whirlpool?
Conduction and convection
28
Special considerations for whirlpool
- caution with full body immersion (lightheaded b/c vasodilation) - infection - electrical saftey - contraindicated for acute injuries due to gravity dependent position
29
Paraffin bath
Heated paraffin wax and mineral oil combo
30
What is paraffin useful in treating?
Chronic injuries and angular areas such as hands ankles and feet
31
Application of paraffin bath
- dip and wrap | - Soak
32
What does cryotherapy rely on?
Conduction and convection
33
What does vasoconstriction do in cryotherapy?
Decrease swelling
34
Skin response to cold stage one
- sensation: cold | - time:0-3 min
35
Skin response to cold stage 2
Sensation:mild burn/ aching Time: 2-7 minutes
36
Skin response to cold stage 3
- sensation: relative numbness | - time: 5-12 minutes
37
Ice massage
Foam cup with frozen water used over small muscle area
38
What is used for turf burn?
Soap ice cup which produces a cleansing effect as well as massage
39
Cold or ice water immersion
Variety of basins or containers or a small whirlpool with circumferential cooling of a part of the body
40
How long should ice water immersion last?
10-15 minutes
41
Temperature for cold or ice water immersion
50-60 degrees
42
Considerations for cryotherapy
- temp and duration | - allergies
43
Allergies to cold
- hives | - raynauds
44
4 purposes of muscle contractions of electrical stimulation
- muscle pump - muscle strengthening - slowing of atrophy - muscle re-education
45
Ionotophoresis
Positively or negatively charged medicine is pushed into tissue via electrical current
46
What is ionotophoresis used to treat?
Musculoskeletal inflammatory conditions, analgesic effects, calcium deposits
47
Ultrasound therapy
- Stimulates repair of soft tissue and pain relief | - Form of acoustic energy used for deep tissue heating or to promote fluid reabsorption
48
What do the non-thermal effects of ultrasound therapy include?
Cavitation which impacts tissue permeability and fluid movement which is useful for acute injuries
49
Traction
Applying tension to joint for therapeutic effect
50
Intermittent compression units
Reducing inflammation and muscle recovery
51
Cryocuff/ game ready
Combining compressive and cryotherapy
52
Massage
Soft tissue manipulation