Modalities: Exam 2

Question 1

Should modalities take the place of therapeutic exercises?

Answer 1

No, they should be in adjunct

Question 2

What is important to understand in modalities?

Answer 2

How they work and their role in the healing process. Also should know indications and contradictions

Question 3

types of energy used in modalities

Answer 3

• thermal conductive
• electromagnetic
• sound
• mechanical

Question 4

What can happen to these tissues once they come in contact with biological tissue?

Answer 4

• reflected
• refracted
• Absorbed
• transmitted

Question 5

What are the physiological effects on heat dependent on?

Answer 5

• type of heat energy applied
• intensity of energy
• duration of exposure
• Tissue response

Question 6

What are the desired effects of Thermotherapy?

Answer 6

• increase collagen extensibility
• reduce stiffness
• reduce pain
• increase blood flow
• reduction of edema and swelling
• relieving muscle spams

Question 7

Conduction

Answer 7

Heat transferred from a warmer object to a cooler one

Question 8

What is conduction dependent on?

Answer 8

• temp

- exposure time

Question 9

What temp will cause damage?

Answer 9

116.6 degrees and 113 degrees should not be in contact with skin longer than 30 minutes

Question 10

Convection

Answer 10

Transfer of heat through movement of fluids or gases

Question 11

Radiation

Answer 11

Heat is transferred from one object thru space to another object

Question 12

Examples of radiation

Answer 12

Shortwave diathermy, infrared heating and ultraviolet therapy

Question 13

Conversion

Answer 13

Generation of heat from another object (sound electricity)

Question 14

Examples of electromagnetic energy

Answer 14

Shortwave, low level laser therapy, diathermy, lasers

Question 15

What does electromagnetic therapy rely on?

Answer 15

Electromagnetic energy which travels at the speed of light

Question 16

What is diathermy good for?

Answer 16

Deep heating for large areas

Question 17

Example of acoustic

Answer 17

Ultrasound

Question 18

Acoustic

Answer 18

High frequency sound waves vibrate tissue and produces heat and impacts cell membrane permeability

Question 19

Mechanical examples

Answer 19

Traction, intermittent compression

Question 20

Mechanical

Answer 20

Involves mechanically stretching, compressing , and manipulating soft tissue and joint structures

Question 21

Hydrocollator packs

Answer 21

Gel packs submerged into 160-170 degree water

Question 22

How long do Hydrocollator packs maintain heat?

Answer 22

20-30 minutes

Question 23

What are Hydrocollator packs used for?

Answer 23

General muscle relaxation and reduction of spams

Question 24

Limitation of Hydrocollator packs

Answer 24

Unable to heat deeper tissue

Question 25

Whirlpool

Answer 25

Varying size tank with turbines that agitate water

Question 26

What does whirlpool combine?

Answer 26

Combines massage and water immersion

Question 27

What type of Thermotherapy is whirlpool?

Answer 27

Conduction and convection

Question 28

Special considerations for whirlpool

Answer 28

• caution with full body immersion (lightheaded b/c vasodilation)
• infection
• electrical saftey
• contraindicated for acute injuries due to gravity dependent position

Question 29

Paraffin bath

Answer 29

Heated paraffin wax and mineral oil combo

Question 30

What is paraffin useful in treating?

Answer 30

Chronic injuries and angular areas such as hands ankles and feet

Question 31

Application of paraffin bath

Answer 31

• dip and wrap

- Soak

Question 32

What does cryotherapy rely on?

Answer 32

Conduction and convection

Question 33

What does vasoconstriction do in cryotherapy?

Answer 33

Decrease swelling

Question 34

Skin response to cold stage one

Answer 34

• sensation: cold

- time:0-3 min

Question 35

Skin response to cold stage 2

Answer 35

Sensation:mild burn/ aching
Time: 2-7 minutes

Question 36

Skin response to cold stage 3

Answer 36

• sensation: relative numbness

- time: 5-12 minutes

Question 37

Ice massage

Answer 37

Foam cup with frozen water used over small muscle area

Question 38

What is used for turf burn?

Answer 38

Soap ice cup which produces a cleansing effect as well as massage

Question 39

Cold or ice water immersion

Answer 39

Variety of basins or containers or a small whirlpool with circumferential cooling of a part of the body

Question 40

How long should ice water immersion last?

Answer 40

10-15 minutes

Question 41

Temperature for cold or ice water immersion

Answer 41

50-60 degrees

Question 42

Considerations for cryotherapy

Answer 42

• temp and duration

- allergies

Question 43

Allergies to cold

Answer 43

• hives

- raynauds

Question 44

4 purposes of muscle contractions of electrical stimulation

Answer 44

• muscle pump
• muscle strengthening
• slowing of atrophy
• muscle re-education

Question 45

Ionotophoresis

Answer 45

Positively or negatively charged medicine is pushed into tissue via electrical current

Question 46

What is ionotophoresis used to treat?

Answer 46

Musculoskeletal inflammatory conditions, analgesic effects, calcium deposits

Question 47

Ultrasound therapy

Answer 47

• Stimulates repair of soft tissue and pain relief

- Form of acoustic energy used for deep tissue heating or to promote fluid reabsorption

Question 48

What do the non-thermal effects of ultrasound therapy include?

Answer 48

Cavitation which impacts tissue permeability and fluid movement which is useful for acute injuries

Question 49

Traction

Answer 49

Applying tension to joint for therapeutic effect

Question 50

Intermittent compression units

Answer 50

Reducing inflammation and muscle recovery

Question 51

Cryocuff/ game ready

Answer 51

Combining compressive and cryotherapy

Question 52

Massage

Answer 52

Soft tissue manipulation