Modalities: Exam 2 Flashcards
Should modalities take the place of therapeutic exercises?
No, they should be in adjunct
What is important to understand in modalities?
How they work and their role in the healing process. Also should know indications and contradictions
types of energy used in modalities
- thermal conductive
- electromagnetic
- sound
- mechanical
What can happen to these tissues once they come in contact with biological tissue?
- reflected
- refracted
- Absorbed
- transmitted
What are the physiological effects on heat dependent on?
- type of heat energy applied
- intensity of energy
- duration of exposure
- Tissue response
What are the desired effects of Thermotherapy?
- increase collagen extensibility
- reduce stiffness
- reduce pain
- increase blood flow
- reduction of edema and swelling
- relieving muscle spams
Conduction
Heat transferred from a warmer object to a cooler one
What is conduction dependent on?
- temp
- exposure time
What temp will cause damage?
116.6 degrees and 113 degrees should not be in contact with skin longer than 30 minutes
Convection
Transfer of heat through movement of fluids or gases
Radiation
Heat is transferred from one object thru space to another object
Examples of radiation
Shortwave diathermy, infrared heating and ultraviolet therapy
Conversion
Generation of heat from another object (sound electricity)
Examples of electromagnetic energy
Shortwave, low level laser therapy, diathermy, lasers
What does electromagnetic therapy rely on?
Electromagnetic energy which travels at the speed of light
What is diathermy good for?
Deep heating for large areas
Example of acoustic
Ultrasound
Acoustic
High frequency sound waves vibrate tissue and produces heat and impacts cell membrane permeability
Mechanical examples
Traction, intermittent compression
Mechanical
Involves mechanically stretching, compressing , and manipulating soft tissue and joint structures
Hydrocollator packs
Gel packs submerged into 160-170 degree water
How long do Hydrocollator packs maintain heat?
20-30 minutes
What are Hydrocollator packs used for?
General muscle relaxation and reduction of spams
Limitation of Hydrocollator packs
Unable to heat deeper tissue
Whirlpool
Varying size tank with turbines that agitate water
What does whirlpool combine?
Combines massage and water immersion
What type of Thermotherapy is whirlpool?
Conduction and convection
Special considerations for whirlpool
- caution with full body immersion (lightheaded b/c vasodilation)
- infection
- electrical saftey
- contraindicated for acute injuries due to gravity dependent position
Paraffin bath
Heated paraffin wax and mineral oil combo
What is paraffin useful in treating?
Chronic injuries and angular areas such as hands ankles and feet
Application of paraffin bath
- dip and wrap
- Soak
What does cryotherapy rely on?
Conduction and convection
What does vasoconstriction do in cryotherapy?
Decrease swelling
Skin response to cold stage one
- sensation: cold
- time:0-3 min
Skin response to cold stage 2
Sensation:mild burn/ aching
Time: 2-7 minutes
Skin response to cold stage 3
- sensation: relative numbness
- time: 5-12 minutes
Ice massage
Foam cup with frozen water used over small muscle area
What is used for turf burn?
Soap ice cup which produces a cleansing effect as well as massage
Cold or ice water immersion
Variety of basins or containers or a small whirlpool with circumferential cooling of a part of the body
How long should ice water immersion last?
10-15 minutes
Temperature for cold or ice water immersion
50-60 degrees
Considerations for cryotherapy
- temp and duration
- allergies
Allergies to cold
- hives
- raynauds
4 purposes of muscle contractions of electrical stimulation
- muscle pump
- muscle strengthening
- slowing of atrophy
- muscle re-education
Ionotophoresis
Positively or negatively charged medicine is pushed into tissue via electrical current
What is ionotophoresis used to treat?
Musculoskeletal inflammatory conditions, analgesic effects, calcium deposits
Ultrasound therapy
- Stimulates repair of soft tissue and pain relief
- Form of acoustic energy used for deep tissue heating or to promote fluid reabsorption
What do the non-thermal effects of ultrasound therapy include?
Cavitation which impacts tissue permeability and fluid movement which is useful for acute injuries
Traction
Applying tension to joint for therapeutic effect
Intermittent compression units
Reducing inflammation and muscle recovery
Cryocuff/ game ready
Combining compressive and cryotherapy
Massage
Soft tissue manipulation
