Emergency Procedures:Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Emergency
A
Unexpected occurrence that requires immediate attention
2
Q
What can a mistake in initial injury management lead to?
A
- longer recovery time
- life threatening situations
3
Q
How many emergency action plans should there be?
A
Separate for every site and sport
4
Q
What 3 things should an emergency action plan include?
A
- define personnel available and their role
- list equipment available
- consider practice vs game
5
Q
How and where should the plan be posted?
A
Clearly posted and sometimes above a phone
6
Q
Components of EAP (5)
A
- phone (location and number)
- keys for access
- all support personnel must be familiar
- someone to accompany athlete in ambulance
- folder/ electronic version of athlete emergency contacts, history, insurance, ect
7
Q
What should the taker of the phone call be told? (7)
A
- exact location and address
- telephone number
- caller’s name
- what happened: mech of injury and events prior to injury
- number of people involved
- condition of victim
- care being given
8
Q
When should consent be given?
A
Prior to the season
9
Q
When should parents be notified?
A
ASAP
10
Q
Implied consent
A
With no informed consent, consent implied on part of patient to save life
11
Q
Where does the assessment begin?
A
On the playing field with the goal of determining the nature of the injury and the direction of care
12
Q
Components of assessment
A
- primary survey
- secondary survey
13
Q
components of primary survey
A
- LOC (level of consciousness)
- CAB
14
Q
What should be done in the primary survey?
A
- assess level of consciousness
- determine potential life threatening injures/ conditions
15
Q
Potential life threatening conditions (5)
A
- no circulation
- obstructed airway
- no breathing
- profuse bleeding
- shock
16
Q
Secondary assessment
A
- no life threatening conditions
- specific info about injury
- head to toe assessment
- assess vital signs
- ID potential life threatening conditions
17
Q
Vital signs
A
- temp
- pulse
- BP
- breathing
- Pulse ox
18
Q
Overall goal of primary assessment
A
- circulation
- airway
- breathing
19
Q
Goal of primary assessment:circulation
A
- pulse
- excessive bleeding
20
Q
Goal of primary assessment: airway
A
What things might obstruct
21
Q
Goal of primary assessment: breathing
A
- frequency
- quality
- adequate
22
Q
4 life threatening conditions of which you should call 911
A
- unconscious
- trouble breathing
- no signs of life (normal breathing or movement)
- severe bleeding
23
Q
What to do with an unconscious athlete? (4)
A
- note body position
- determine LOC and CAB
- stabilize spine
- activate EMS
24
Q
What should you do with equipment of an unconscious athlete?
A
- leave helmets and pads
- remove face mask
25
What should you do if athlete is supine and breathing?
Monitor
26
Supine and not breathing
CAB
27
Prone and breathing
Monitor, log roll after
28
Prone and not breathing
Log roll; CAB
29
How many people are needed for log roll?
4 at least
30
Checking of a conscious victim
- obtain consent
- scene safety, LOC and CAB checked upon approach
- secondary survey begins
31
When to not transport victim (3)
- trip may aggravate injury or illness or cause additional injury
- when the victim may develop life threatening condition
- unsure of the nature of the injury
32
Equipment removal
- remove face mask
- cut away jersey, opening to chest protector to expose chest for CPR and AED
- remove both pads/helmet or neither
33
How to use an AED
- evaluate heart rhythm of victim experiencing cardiac arrest
- Can deliver electrical charge to heart if appropriate
- fully automated
34
How to asses LOC
- "are you ok", calling name, tapping shoulder
| - painful stimulus
35
4 levels of consciousness
- alert
- responsive to verbal stimulus
- responsive to painful stimulus
- Unresponsive
36
How to assess circulation
- check for severe bleeding
- check pulse @ carotid artery for 5-10 secs
- AED and CPR if needed
37
Airway assessment
-is airway open and clear?
38
How to open airway
- head tilt/ chin lift
- modified jaw thrust
- airway adjuncts (maintain airway)
39
What to consider when opening airway
- c-spine
- personnel
- equipment
40
How to do CPR
- 100 compressions a min for untrained
| - 30:2 ratio for those trained
41
How to check for breathing
- look for chest rise
- listen for breath sounds
- feel for air movement
- Rate and quality
42
When to administer rescue breathing
If breathing is absent or inadequate
43
Rescue breathing
- bag valve mask
| - supplemental oxygen
44
Hemorrhage
Abnormal discharge of blood
45
Types of external bleeding
- venous
- arterial
- capillary
46
Venous
Dark red with continuous flow
47
Arterial
Bright red and flow in spurt
48
Capillary
Exudes from tissue and is reddish
49
How to control external bleeding
* ****protective equipment
- direct pressure (clean gauze and firm pressure)
- elevation of body part
- pressure points/ tourniquet
50
When does shock occur?
When less blood is available to the circulatory system because the vascular system is unable to hold the volume of blood (vasodilation)
51
When is there a high probability of shock?
- fractures
- Internal injuries
- severe bleeding
52
Is shock rapid or slower?
-either
53
What is shock a problem of?
- blood volume
| - hemodynamics
54
Hypovolemic shock
Trauma and blood loss
55
Respiratory shock
Lung injury /
56
Neurogenic shock
Dilation of blood vessels
57
Psychogenic shock
Syncope
58
Cardiogenic shock
Heart can't pump
59
Septic shock
Infection
60
Anaphylactic shock
Allergy
61
Metabolic shock
Severe illness
62
Skin symptom of shock
Pale cool and clammy
63
Pulse symptom of shock
Weak and rapid
64
Respiration symptom of shock
Quick and shallow
65
Blood pressure symptom of shock
Lower (systolic <90)
66
Conscious level symptom of shock
Drowsy and sluggish
67
Incontinence symptom of shock
Urinary and fecal
68
Other shock symptoms
Change in disposition and extreme thirst
69
How to manage shock
- maintain body temp
- elevate feet and legs
- psychological reaction
- no food or drink
70
When is secondary survey performed?
After primary survey and no life threatening conditions (stable)
71
Secondary survey
- musculoskeletal assessment
- decide to move or transport
- referral or secondary care
72
Musculoskeletal assessment adult v child
- adult: head to toe
| - child: toe to head
73
Pulse
Radial or carotid in neck
- normal: 60-100 a min
- quality: rhythm and strength
74
Respiration
- at rest
- normal rate: 12-20/ min
- quality: difficulty/ sound
75
Blood pressure
- systolic
- diastolic
- normal: <120/<80 mmHg
76
Body temp
- oral rectal, auxiliary, ear, skin
| - normal: 97.8-99 degree
77
Where to check skin color
Nail beds, lips, mouth, tongue
78
Where is a good place to look for skin color for dark skin people?
Inside mouth, lips, tongue, skin around nose and mouth
79
Red in color
Heat stroke, allergic, > BP
80
Ashen or pale
Shock, < BP, hemorrhage
81
Blue
Airway abstruction
82
Yellow
Liver disease
83
Pupils and vitals
- use a pin light
| - PEARL: pupils equal and reactive to light
84
What do constricted pupils indicate
Use of depressant drug
85
What do dilated pupils indicate?
- head injury
- shock
- use of stimulant
86
What does pupils failure to accommodate indicate?
Brain injury, alcohol or drug poisoning
87
What is more important: response or size?
Response
88
What does the inability to move indicate?
Serious CNS deficits impacting motor control
89
Hemiplegia
Inability to move one side
90
What does hemiplegia indicate?
Brain trauma or stroke
91
Bilateral upper extremity sensory motor deficits indication
Cervical spine injury
92
What could pressure on the spine or injury below the neck result in?
Compromised function of lower limbs
93
Musculoskeletal assessment
- history
- observation
- palpating
- special tests
94
History in MA
Sounds, sensations, events leading up to injury, mechanism of injury
95
Observation MA
- inspection of injured and non-injured areas
| - look for gross deformity, swelling, skin discoloration
96
Types of splints (5)
- rapid form vacuum splint
- air
- traction
- SAM
- spine and pelvis
97
What should be checked before and after splinting?
Circulation, sensation, motor function
98
Crutch instructions (up stairs)
- BW on crutches
- un injured leg up first
- pull crutches/ affected leg up
99
Crutches instructions down stairs
- BW on good leg
- injured leg and crutches down first
- good leg follows
