Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kinesiology > Chapter 9: Exam 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Trauma

A

A physical injury or wound produced by internal or external force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why must an ATC know about the mechanics of an injury?

A

Knowing how the injury occurred helps narrow down what the injury might be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes mechanical injuries?

A

Result from force or mechanical energy that changes state of rest or uniform motion of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Load

A

An external force acting on the body causing internal reactions within the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stiffness

A

Ability of a tissue to resist a load (greater stiffness=greater magnitude a load can resist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stress

A

Internal resistance to a load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Strain

A

Change in shape tissue (ex. Length)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Elastic deformation

A

Occurs until the yield point and plastic deformation occurs until failure point (can bend/stretch without injury)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Yield point

A

Point where elastic deformation turns to plastic deformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does tissue failure occur?

A

Results from forces that exceed the structural capacity of a tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why does each tissue have a different failure point?

A

Different tissues have different structural properties and can withstand different amounts of force before tissue failure and injury occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compression

A

Force that results in tissue crush-2 forces applied towards one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tension

A

Force that pulls and stretches tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Shearing

A

Force that moves across the parallel organization of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bending

A

Two force pairs act at opposite ends of a structure (axial loading)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Torsion

A

Twisting in opposite directions from opposite ends (ex. High ankle sprain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of Tissue Loading (5)

A
  • compression
  • tension
  • shearing
  • bending
  • torsion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Primary injury

A

Direct immediate consequence of excessive force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Secondary injury

A

Delayed sometime after the initial trauma or an accommodation to the primary injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acute injury (trauma)

A

Mechanical failure of tissue due to excessive force occurring in a single bout (ex. Muscle strain, ligament sprain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chronic injury (overuse)

A

Mechanical failure of soft tissue due to repeated micro trauma occurring over an extended period of time. Gradual onset and prolonged duration (ex. Cramps, tendinitis, stress fracture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Muscle strain

A

Stretch, tear, or rip to the muscle or adjacent tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Muscle strain causes (3)

A

Often unclear…
Abnormal muscle contraction due to..
-failure in reciprocal coordination of agonist and antagonist
-electrolyte imbalance due to profuse sweating
-strength imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ranges of muscle strains

A

Mild separation of connective tissue to complete tendinous avulsion or muscle rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Muscle cramps

A

Involuntary muscle contractions due to electrolyte imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Muscle guarding

A

Muscle contraction in response to pain **natural splinting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Clonic muscle spams

A

Involuntary, alternate between contraction and relaxation rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Tonic muscle spasms

A

Constant contraction for long period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Tendon

A

Attaches muscle to bone and double the strength of the muscle it serves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Tendon injuries

A
  • tendinitis
  • tenosynovitis
  • strain/ rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Mechanism of tendon strain/ rupture

A

High magnitude, single load, tensile forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Mechanism of tendinitis/ tenosynovitis

A

Low magnitude, repetitive load, tensile forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Mechanisms of compressive forces

A

Bony structures and external compression

34
Q

Tendinitis

A

Gradual onset and diffuse tenderness, swelling and pain, without proper healing it can worsen and become tendinosis or tensynovitis
***rest

35
Q

Contusions

A

Results from a sudden blow to the body

36
Q

Results of contusions

A

Hematoma results from blood flow and lymph flow into surrounding tissue.

37
Q

Prevention of contusions

A

Padding

38
Q

Myositis ossificans

A

Chronically inflamed and contused tissues may result in generation of calcium deposits

39
Q

Prevention of tendon injuries

A

Gradual loading

40
Q

Ligaments

A

Attach bone to bone and are strongest in the middle and weakest in the ends

41
Q

Ligament injuries (ACL)

A

-High magnitude, single load, tensile force

42
Q

Ligament injuries (shoulder instability)

A

Low magnitude, repetitive load, tensile forces (constant tensile forces lead to ligamentous deterioration)

43
Q

Dislocations and subluxations

A

Caused by bony surfaces not articulating correctly and results in separation of bony articulating surfaces

44
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial dislocation causing incomplete separation of two bones. Bones spontaneously come back together

45
Q

Dislocation

A

Total disunion of bony alignment which must be manually or surgically reduces (gross deformity)

46
Q

Bone anatomical characteristics

A
  • dense connective tissue matrix
  • outer compact tissue
  • inner porous cancellous bone
47
Q

Epiphysis

A

End of the bone—> spongy bone surrounded by compact bone

48
Q

Diaphysis

A

Center of the bone—>dense

49
Q

Bone fractures classification

A
  • open

- closed

50
Q

Closed fracture

A

Little movement or displacement

51
Q

Open fracture

A

Displacement of the fractured ends and breaking through the surrounding tissue

52
Q

Signs and symptoms of bone fractures

A
  • deformity
  • pain
  • point tenderness
  • swelling
  • pain on active and passive movements
  • false joint
  • possible crepitus
53
Q

How to get a definite diagnosis for fracture

A

X-Ray

54
Q

Seriousness of fracture

A

Serious if not managed properly

55
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Splinters

56
Q

Comminuted

A

Compressive, crushed

57
Q

Linear

A

Parallel

58
Q

Transverse

A

Horizontal

59
Q

Oblique

A

Diagonal

60
Q

Spiral

A

Twisting; looks diagonal

61
Q

Depressed fracture

A

Depressed below the normal surface (skull)

62
Q

Epiphyseal conditions (3)

A
  • injury to growth plate
  • articular epiphysis
  • apophyseal injuries
63
Q

Epiphyseal injury ages

A

10-16 years old b/c bone is not fully developed and still growing

64
Q

Classification of Epiphyseal conditions

A

Salter-Harris (5 types)

65
Q

Stress Fracture other names

A

“March” “fatigue”

66
Q

Cause of stress fracture (7)

A

Exact cause unknown:

  • overtraining
  • amenorrhea/ hormonal imbalance
  • inadequate nutrition
  • returning to competition too soon
  • “too much too fast”
  • footwear or foot biomechanics
67
Q

Stress fracture symptoms

A
  • swelling
  • point tenderness
  • vibration percussion will cause pain at site
68
Q

Stress fracture treatment

A
  • treated early-bony changes might not show up for several weeks
  • rest
  • immobilization
69
Q

Most common nerve injury

A

Neuropraxia; produced by direct trauma

70
Q

Common ways nerves get lacerated and compressed

A

Fractures and dislocations

71
Q

What can abnormal nerve responses be attributed to?

A

Injury or athletic participation

72
Q

Nerve responses to stress

A
  • anesthesia
  • paresthesia
  • hyperesthesia
73
Q

Anesthesia

A

Loss of sensation

74
Q

Paresthesia

A

Altered sensation

75
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Increase sensitivity

76
Q

Primary mechanisms of nerve injuries

A

Compression and tension

77
Q

Nerve injuries:acute or chronic

A

Either

78
Q

Neuropraxia

A

Interruption in conduction through nerve fiber

79
Q

Neuropraxia cause

A

Compression or blunt trauma

80
Q

Neuropraxia symptoms

A
  • impact motor more than sensory

- temporary loss of function (hours to months)

81
Q

Are nerve injuries painful?

A

Sometimes

82
Q

Burner/stingers

A
  • Caused by traction (most common) or compression
  • nerves are stretched
  • if repeated, it can cause long term injury

Kinesiology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions