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Anatomy > The heart and pericardium > Flashcards

The heart and pericardium Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located

A

in the mediastinum, behind the sternum, between the 2nd and 6tth ribs, between T5-T8.

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2
Q

Where is the apex of the heart located

A

at the 5th intercostal space in the left-mid clavicular line

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3
Q

What does the right coronary artery divide into

A

right posterior descending artery (that goes round back) and the acute marginal artery

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4
Q

What does the right posterior descending artery and the marginal artery supply

A

supply the right atrium, right ventricle, sinoatrial node, and the atrioventricular node (the conduction system of the heart).

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5
Q

What does the left coronary artery divide into

A

the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery

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6
Q

What does the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery supply

A

supplies blood to the left atrium and ventricle

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7
Q

How do cardiac muscle cells bring deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium

A

through the coronary sinus

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8
Q

Which veins join the coronary sinus

A

the small cardiac vein from the right, the middle vein from the right ventricle, posterior vein from the left ventricle

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9
Q

Where does the great cardiac vein come from

A

the front of the heart

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10
Q

Where does the anterior vein drain blood into

A

directly into the right atrium, NOT through the coronary sinus

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11
Q

What do the right and left atrium share

A

a common wall - the interatrial septum which lies quite obliquely

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12
Q

Which way does right auricle (atrial appendage) project

A

forwards

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13
Q

What is the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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14
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there

A

4 - 2 from left lung and 2 from right lung

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15
Q

What is the blind pouch in the left atrium called

A

left auricle (or atrial appendage) which projects upwards and forwards

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16
Q

What is the valve between the left atrium and ventricle called

A

mitral valve

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17
Q

Where is the left atrium located

A

at the back, heart needs to be lifted and rotated to see it

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18
Q

What are fetaures of the right atrium

A

pectinate muscles and crista terminalis

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19
Q

What does the apex of the right ventricle do

A

it extends down intersecting bands of muscle (trabeculae)

20
Q

What are the 3 cusps of the tricuspid valves

A

the septal, anterior and posterior cusps

21
Q

Where do the chordae tendineae arise from

A

the papillary muscles which project from the wall of the ventricle

22
Q

Wat is the function of the chordae tendinae

A

prevent the cusps of the valve from prolapsing back into the atrium during systole

23
Q

What makes the right ventricle irregular

A

trabeculae carnae tricuspid valve (and its appendages)

24
Q

What pattern do the trabeculae carnae form

A

a dense criss cross pattern across the ventricular wall, especially towards the apex

25
Q

What is the infundibulum (conus)

A

The tapering part of the right ventricle that leads up to the pulmonary valve. Has a smooth lining.

26
Q

What separates the left and right ventricle

A

the intraventricular septum

27
Q

What does the right and left ventricle look like in a cross section

A

right ventricle is circular shaped and the left ventricle is C shaped (due to its thicker wall)

28
Q

What are the 2 cusps of the mitral valve called

A

the anterior and posterior cusps

29
Q

What do the chordae tendinae from both of the mitral valves cups converge in to

A

2 sets of papillary muscles: on the posterolateral wall of the ventricle and on the anteromedial wall

30
Q

What is the aortic sinus

A

an anatomical dilation of the ascending aorta

31
Q

Where is the aortic sinus located

A

between the wall of the aorta and each of the 3 cusps of the aortic valve

32
Q

What are the 3 aortic sinuses

A

one anterior and 2 posterior

33
Q

Where does the right coronary artery run

A

The right coronary artery arises from the anterior aortic sinus. It then runs downwards in the right atrioventricular groove. The right coronary artery passes round to the underside of the heart.

34
Q

What branches does the right coronary artery give off

A

a branch to the upper part of the right atrium, branches into the right ventricle and its terminal branch is the right interventricular artery

35
Q

Where does the left coronary artery arise from

A

behind the pulmonary trunk from the left posterior aortic sinus

36
Q

What branches does the left coronary artery give off

A

circumflex branch, several branches to left ventricle (including left interventricular artery)

37
Q

Where does the circumflex branch run

A

it runs around the underside of the heart, in the left atrioventricular groove sending further branches to the left ventricle

38
Q

How does the blood that comes out of the coronary arteries return

A

through the coronary veins which drain into the coronary sinus which empties into the underside of the right atrium

39
Q

Where does the coronary sinus pass

A

it passes around the left atrioventricular groove to the underside of the heart

40
Q

Where is the coronary sinuses opening into the heart

A

just below and infront of the vena cava

41
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium surrounding the heart (from out to in)

A

fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, visceral pericardium

42
Q

What is the fossa ovalis

A

A depressed structure, located in inferior aspect of right interatrial septum. A remnant of the foramen ovale.

43
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus

A

A blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta.

44
Q

What are pectinate muscles

A

Muscular columns that are present on the inner wall of the right and left atria

45
Q

What are the crista terminalis

A

Muscular (made from myocardium) ridge on the right atrium. Extends along the posterolateral wall of the right atrium between the orifice of the superior vena cava to the superior vena cava.

46
Q

What are trabeculae carnae

A

Round or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle. Contraction pulls on chordae tendineae to prevent inversion of mitral and tricuspid valves.

47
Q
A

Anatomy (21 decks)

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