The heart and pericardium Flashcards
Where is the heart located
in the mediastinum, behind the sternum, between the 2nd and 6tth ribs, between T5-T8.
Where is the apex of the heart located
at the 5th intercostal space in the left-mid clavicular line
What does the right coronary artery divide into
right posterior descending artery (that goes round back) and the acute marginal artery
What does the right posterior descending artery and the marginal artery supply
supply the right atrium, right ventricle, sinoatrial node, and the atrioventricular node (the conduction system of the heart).
What does the left coronary artery divide into
the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery
What does the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery supply
supplies blood to the left atrium and ventricle
How do cardiac muscle cells bring deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium
through the coronary sinus
Which veins join the coronary sinus
the small cardiac vein from the right, the middle vein from the right ventricle, posterior vein from the left ventricle
Where does the great cardiac vein come from
the front of the heart
Where does the anterior vein drain blood into
directly into the right atrium, NOT through the coronary sinus
What do the right and left atrium share
a common wall - the interatrial septum which lies quite obliquely
Which way does right auricle (atrial appendage) project
forwards
What is the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
How many pulmonary veins are there
4 - 2 from left lung and 2 from right lung
What is the blind pouch in the left atrium called
left auricle (or atrial appendage) which projects upwards and forwards
What is the valve between the left atrium and ventricle called
mitral valve
Where is the left atrium located
at the back, heart needs to be lifted and rotated to see it
What are fetaures of the right atrium
pectinate muscles and crista terminalis
What does the apex of the right ventricle do
it extends down intersecting bands of muscle (trabeculae)
What are the 3 cusps of the tricuspid valves
the septal, anterior and posterior cusps
Where do the chordae tendineae arise from
the papillary muscles which project from the wall of the ventricle
Wat is the function of the chordae tendinae
prevent the cusps of the valve from prolapsing back into the atrium during systole
What makes the right ventricle irregular
trabeculae carnae tricuspid valve (and its appendages)
What pattern do the trabeculae carnae form
a dense criss cross pattern across the ventricular wall, especially towards the apex
What is the infundibulum (conus)
The tapering part of the right ventricle that leads up to the pulmonary valve. Has a smooth lining.
What separates the left and right ventricle
the intraventricular septum
What does the right and left ventricle look like in a cross section
right ventricle is circular shaped and the left ventricle is C shaped (due to its thicker wall)
What are the 2 cusps of the mitral valve called
the anterior and posterior cusps
What do the chordae tendinae from both of the mitral valves cups converge in to
2 sets of papillary muscles: on the posterolateral wall of the ventricle and on the anteromedial wall
What is the aortic sinus
an anatomical dilation of the ascending aorta
Where is the aortic sinus located
between the wall of the aorta and each of the 3 cusps of the aortic valve
What are the 3 aortic sinuses
one anterior and 2 posterior
Where does the right coronary artery run
The right coronary artery arises from the anterior aortic sinus. It then runs downwards in the right atrioventricular groove. The right coronary artery passes round to the underside of the heart.
What branches does the right coronary artery give off
a branch to the upper part of the right atrium, branches into the right ventricle and its terminal branch is the right interventricular artery
Where does the left coronary artery arise from
behind the pulmonary trunk from the left posterior aortic sinus
What branches does the left coronary artery give off
circumflex branch, several branches to left ventricle (including left interventricular artery)
Where does the circumflex branch run
it runs around the underside of the heart, in the left atrioventricular groove sending further branches to the left ventricle
How does the blood that comes out of the coronary arteries return
through the coronary veins which drain into the coronary sinus which empties into the underside of the right atrium
Where does the coronary sinus pass
it passes around the left atrioventricular groove to the underside of the heart
Where is the coronary sinuses opening into the heart
just below and infront of the vena cava
What are the layers of the pericardium surrounding the heart (from out to in)
fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, visceral pericardium
What is the fossa ovalis
A depressed structure, located in inferior aspect of right interatrial septum. A remnant of the foramen ovale.
What is the ductus arteriosus
A blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
What are pectinate muscles
Muscular columns that are present on the inner wall of the right and left atria
What are the crista terminalis
Muscular (made from myocardium) ridge on the right atrium. Extends along the posterolateral wall of the right atrium between the orifice of the superior vena cava to the superior vena cava.
What are trabeculae carnae
Round or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle. Contraction pulls on chordae tendineae to prevent inversion of mitral and tricuspid valves.
