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Anatomy > Muscles in abdomen and thorax > Flashcards

Muscles in abdomen and thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the rectus abdominas

A

acts in opposition to erector spinae muscles to produce flexion of the lumbar spine and to keep it straight

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2
Q

What happens when all 3 muscles in the abdomen contract together

A

they raise the pressure in the abdominal cavity so when they airway is open the diaphragm is pushed up, causing air to leave the lungs.

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3
Q

What do flat muscles do when the larynx is closed

A

provides pressure needed to expel contents of rectum, bladder and uterus.

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4
Q

What does contraction of each flat muscle do

A

plays a part in lateral flexion of the lumbar spine and rotation of thoracic spine.
They protect the viscera.
Contraction is useful in throwing up and coughing.

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5
Q

What are the muscles of the thorax

A

pectoralis major, deltoid, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

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6
Q

Where is the inguinal ligament located

A

along the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

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7
Q

Describe the location and origin of the rectus abdominas

A

originates on pubic symphysis and inserts along the costal margin and xiphoid process. It arises from 5th, 6th and 7th costal cartilages and inserts on the pubic crest.

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8
Q

What is the function of pyramidalis

A

it attaches pubis inferior to linea alba

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9
Q

What forms the inguinal ligament

A

the inferior margin of aponeurosis of the external oblique

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10
Q

What forms the linea alba

A

fusion of external oblique aponeurosis, transversus aponeurosis and overlying internal oblique aponeurotic layer

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11
Q

The layers of which muscle join at the linea alba

A

The anterior and posterior layers of the rectus abdominas

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12
Q

What is aponeurosis

A

flat tendonous sheets

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13
Q

What are the linea semilunaris

A

the white line on the left and right of the linea alba

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14
Q

What are tendonous intersections

A

the lines that go left to right on a six pack, it separates the rectus abdominas.

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15
Q

What covers the top 3/4 of the rectus abdominas

A

the rectus sheath

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16
Q

The anterior layer of the rectus sheath

A

. The anterior layer extends from the costal margin to pubis and is firmly attached to tendonous intersections

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17
Q

What does the arcuate line mark

A

the lower border of the posterior rectus sheath

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18
Q

What does the rectus sheath contain

A

rectus abdominis, super/inferior epigastric vessels, thoracoabdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves

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19
Q

What does the bottom 1/4 of the rectus abdominas have

A

a loose fascia between the back of the rectus and peritoneum

20
Q

Anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath superior to the arcuate line

A

anterior: external oblique and one layer on internal oblique.
Posterior: one layer of internal oblique and transversus abdominas

21
Q

Anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath inferior to the arcuate line

A

anterior: external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis
posterior: transversalis fascia

22
Q

Where does the transversus abdominis originate from

A

. It originates on the iliac crest and on the lateral parts of the inguinal ligament and is attached to the costal cartilages

23
Q

Where does the transversus abdominis inferiorly insert

A

the pubic crest

24
Q

What ribs does the transversus abdominis arise from

A

ribs 6-12 and from rib 12 to the ilium it arises from the edge of the thoracolumbar fascia

25
Q

What is the lower border of the transversus abdominis like

A

has a short, free lower border

26
Q

Where do the fibers of the transversus abdominis arise from

A

a thickening on the iliopsoas fascia

27
Q

Direction of fibers of the transversus abdominis

A

The fibres run in a transverse direction, except the bottom fibres which run obliquely downwards

28
Q

Where does the internal oblique originate from

A

originates on the iliac crest and the lateral part of the inguinal ligament on the thoracolumbar fascia

29
Q

What ribs is the internal oblique associated with

A

ribs 9-12

30
Q

Where do the lowest fibers of the internal oblique arise from

A

thickness of the iliopsoas fascia

31
Q

How does the internal oblique end

A

It ends in internal oblique aponeurosis which fuses on the underside with the transversus aponeurosis. Also joined on its outer aspect by external oblique aponeurosis (cut edge of external oblique)

32
Q

What are the direction of the internal oblique fibers

A

The fibres at the top pass superiorly medially (up + in), the middle fibres are less steep, then they become transverse then at the inguinal ligament they run downwards

33
Q

What ribs is the external oblique associated with

A

ribs 5 -12, with the posterior part arising from ribs 10-12 and the anterior part arising from ribs 9-6

34
Q

Where does the external oblique insert

A

on the outer iliac crest, lineal aba and xiphoid process

35
Q

What is the line of origin for the serratus anterior and external oblique

A

a zig zag

36
Q

How does the external oblique end

A

The anterior part ends in the external oblique aponeurosis which fuses with the other 2 to form the rectus sheath

37
Q

What is the anterior border of the external oblique

A

It has a long free border from the anterior superior iliac sine to the pubic tubercle.

38
Q

What is the posterior border of the external oblique

A

fleshy and inserts along anterior half od iliac crest and has a short border between rib 12 and iliac crest

39
Q

Describe the direction of the fibres of the external oblique

A

The fibres at the side are down and in direction and at the front the fibres run in a down and medial direction.

40
Q

which is more superior the deep inguinal ring or the superficial inguinal ring

A

deep inguinal ring

41
Q

What are the layers of the inguinal canal

A

peritoneum, testis, transversalis fascia, transversus abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique, Scarpa’s fascia, skin

42
Q

What are the layers of the spermatic cord from inside to outside

A

tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral), internal spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle and fascia, external spermatic fascia, deep fascia

43
Q

What is the spermatic cord surrounded by

A

fascial covering from each of the anterior abdominal layers: external spermatic fascia (external oblique fascia), cremasteric muscle and fascia (fascial around internal oblique), internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)

44
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord

A

ductus (vas) deferens, testicular artery, artery of ductus deferens, pampiniform venous plexus, cremasteric artery, sympathetic nerve fibers, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, lymphatics

45
Q

What is inside the inguinal canal in females

A

the round ligament

46
Q
A

Anatomy (21 decks)

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