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Anatomy > Shoulder, elbow, hip and knee joint > Flashcards

Shoulder, elbow, hip and knee joint Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint

A

synovial ball and socket joint

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2
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint

A

the joint between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

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3
Q

Why is the glenohumeral joint unstable

A

because the head of the humerus is large, whereas the glenoid cavity is shallow also making it a very mobile cavity

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4
Q

What movements happen at the glenohumeral joint

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal (or medial) rotation, external rotation and circumduction (combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction).

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5
Q

Which tendon is continuous with the glenoid labrum

A

long head of biceps

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6
Q

What is the glenoid labrum

A

a fibrocartilaginous collar that sits around the perimeter, the margins of the cavity and adds depth to the cavity and surrounds the glenoid fossa

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7
Q

Where does the fibrous membrane of the glenohumeral joint capsule sit

A

around the outside of the glenoid labrum and encloses the labrum and the long head of biceps tendon

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8
Q

What does the synovial membrane line

A

the fibrous membrane

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9
Q

What are bursae

A

when the synovial membrane protrudes through the fibrous membrane at various points

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10
Q

What is the function of bursae

A

reduce friction and cushion the joint

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11
Q

Where is the subtendinous bursa in the glenohumeral joint

A

lies underneath where the tendon of subscapularis inserts into the lesser tubercle.

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12
Q

Where does the synovial sheath wrap in the glenohumeral joint

A

wraps around the long head of biceps tendon as it passes through the intertubercular sulcus between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus

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13
Q

What is the function of the synovial sheath

A

reduces friction of the tendon

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14
Q

Where do the subacromial and subdeltoid burse sit in the glenohumeral joint

A

under the acromion process and between the deltoid muscle

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15
Q

Where else are bursa present in the glenohumeral joint

A

between the skin and the acromion, underneath the coracoid process and by the rotator cuff muscles.

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16
Q

Name the 5 ligaments of the shoulder joint

A

three glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle and inferior), transverse humeral ligament and the coracohumeral ligament

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17
Q

Where do the glenohumeral ligaments originate and insert

A

onto the lesser tubercle and they originate on the margin of the glenoid cavity

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18
Q

Where do the transverse humeral ligaments originate and insert

A

from the lesser tubercle to the greater tubercle

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19
Q

Where does the transverse humeral ligament lie

A

over the biceps tendon and passes through the intertubercular sulcus

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20
Q

Where does the coracohumeral ligament originate and insert

A

From the coracoid process to the humerus

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21
Q

What type of joint is the hip

A

synovial ball and socket joint

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22
Q

What bones are involved in the hip joint

A

head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the hip joint

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23
Q

What cartilage is at the acetabulum

A

articular cartilage and fibrocartilage

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24
Q

What ligament is at the femoral head

A

ligamentum teres

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25
Q

What cartilage is at the femoral head

A

articular cartilage

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26
Q

What is the fovea of the femur

A

the depression on the top of the femur, for the ligament of the head of the femur

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27
Q

What is the function of the articular cartilage covering the head of the femur

A

which facilitates smooth movement and prevents bone erosion as it slides within the acetabulum

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28
Q

What forms the acetabulum

A

fusion of the ilium, ischium and pubis

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29
Q

What is on the outside of the acetabulum margin

A

the acetabular labrum

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30
Q

Where does the acetabular labrum run

A

continues over the acetabular notch with the transverse acetabular ligament.

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31
Q

What is the function of the acetabular labrum

A

increases the surface area of the acetabulum to allow more than half of the femoral head to fit within the acetabulum for stability

32
Q

Where is the acetabular fossa

A

a rough depression on the floor of the acetabulum, right above the notch

33
Q

Where does the fibrous capsule of the hip joint attach to proximally

A

to the acetabulum peripheral to the acetabular margin, as well as to the transverse acetabular ligament.

34
Q

Where does the fibrous capsule of the hip joint attach to distally

A

femoral neck

35
Q

Where does the fibrous capsule of the hip joint attach to anteriorly

A

intertrochanteric line and root of the greater trochanter

36
Q

Where does the fibrous capsule of the hip joint head to posteriorly

A

the fibrous layer heads towards but doesn’t attach to the intertrochanteric crest

37
Q

What do the fibres of the fibrous capsule do

A

take a spiral course and attach to the intertrochanteric line of the femur, whereas some deep fibers pass circularly around the neck, forming the orbicular zone

38
Q

Where does the iliofemoral ligament atatch

A

attaches to the anterior inferior iliac spine and the acetabular rim proximally, and the intertrochanteric line distally

39
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament

A

it tightens and brings the femoral head tightly into the acetabulum when standing upright, and this prevents hyperextension of the hip joint

40
Q

Where does the pubofemoral ligament arise

A

from the obturator crest of the pubic bone

41
Q

What does the pubofemoral ligament merge with

A

the fibrous layer of the joint capsule and blends with the medial part of the iliofemoral ligament

42
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament

A

tightens during extension and abduction of the hip joint, preventing over-abduction.

43
Q

What are the attachments of the ischiofemoral ligament

A

goes from the acetabular margin to the neck of the femur

43
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament

A

spirals superolaterally to the femoral neck, medial to the base of the greater trochanter and it limits internal rotation of the hip.

44
Q

Which 2 ligaments bridge the gap between the sacrum and the ischium

A

sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament

45
Q

Where does the sacrospinous ligament attach

A

ischial spine

46
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament attach

A

ischial tuberosity

47
Q

Where are longitudinal synovial folds present in the hip joint capsule

A

in the synovial membrane covering the femoral neck

48
Q

What forms the ligamentum teres

A

the synovial layer at the head of the femur

49
Q

How many joints are involved at the elbow joint

A

3 - humerus, radius and ulna

50
Q

What are the 3 articulations at the elbow joint

A

humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint and proximal radioulnar joint

51
Q

What are the 2 parts of the humerus that has an articulating area

A

trochlea and capitulum

52
Q

What does the trochlea of the humerus articulate with

A

the trochlear notch of the ulna - medial

53
Q

What does the capitulum of the humerus articulate with

A

the head of the radius - lateral

54
Q

Name the 3 fossa of the distal humerus

A

coronoid fossa, radial fossa and olecran fossa

55
Q

What does the radial notch of the ulna articulate with

A

the head of the radius

56
Q

What movements happen where the radial notch and head of radius articulate

A

Pronation and supination

57
Q

What movements do you get at the humeroulnar and humeroradial joint

A

flexion and extension

58
Q

What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint

A

hinge joint

59
Q

What type of joint is the humeroradial joint

A

limited ball and socket joint

60
Q

What type of joint is the radioulnar joint

A

pivot joint

61
Q

What movements do you get at the proximal radioulnar joint

A

supination and pronation

62
Q

Name the 3 ligaments of the elbow joint

A

radial collateral ligament, ulnar collateral ligament and annular ligament

63
Q

Where are the attachments of the joint capsule of the elbow

A

medial epicondyle.
Inferiorly - neck of radius and coronoid process of the ulna.
Posterior - margins of the olecranon

64
Q

How is the synovial membrane separated from the fibrous membrane in the elbow

A

by fat pads

65
Q

Where do the fat pads lie in the elbow joint

A

coronoid fossa, radial fossa and olecranon fossa

66
Q

What are the attachments of the radial collateral ligament

A

attaches on the medial epicondyle and on the radial notch of the ulna

67
Q

What does the radial collateral ligament blend with

A

annular ligament

68
Q

What are the attachments of the ulnar collateral ligament

A

attaches on the medial epicondyle and it extends down and attaches to the coronoid process of the ulna

69
Q

What does the annular ligament form

A

a ring around the head of the radius

70
Q

What does the annular ligament blend with

A

radial collateral ligament and joint capsule

71
Q

Function of the annular ligament

A

holds the head of the radius in place and allows the head of the radius to rotate on the capitulum of the humerus and also, allows pronation and supination against the radial notch of the ulna

72
Q

What separates the lateral and medial condyle of the femur

A

the intercondylar notch

73
Q

Where are the lateral and medial epicondyles of the femur located

A

above the condyles

74
Q
A

Anatomy (21 decks)

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