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Anatomy > Femoral triangle, anterior and middle thigh > Flashcards

Femoral triangle, anterior and middle thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What does the abdominal aorta split into

A

right and left common iliac artery

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2
Q

What does each iliac artery divide into

A

internal and external iliac artery

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3
Q

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery

A

obturator, inferior gluteal and superior gluteal artery

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4
Q

What does the external iliac artery become

A

the common femoral artery as it crosses under the inguinal ligament to enter the femoral triangle

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5
Q

What branch does the common femoral artery give off

A

profunda femoris (or deep femoral artery)

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6
Q

What does the profunda femoris divide into

A

the lateral and medial circumflex artery

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7
Q

How does profunda femoris terminate

A

as perforating arteries (they perforate the adductor magnus muscle)

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8
Q

What does the common femoral artery continue as

A

the superficial femoral artery

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9
Q

What does the superficial femoral artery travel through

A

the adductor canal

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10
Q

What is the adductor canal

A

a muscular tunnel in the thigh that begins at the bottom of the femoral triangle and ending at the adductor hiatus

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11
Q

What does the femoral artery become known as

A

the popliteal artery

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12
Q

What does the popliteal artery pass beterrn

A

gastrocnemius and popliteal muscles

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13
Q

What branches does the popliteal artery give off

A

genicular branches which supplies the knee joint

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14
Q

What does the genicular artery divide into

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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15
Q

Where does the posterior tibial artery descend

A

along the superficial surface of the deep posterior muscles

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16
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery give off

A

fibular artery

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17
Q

What does the fibular artery supply

A

the lateral component of the leg

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18
Q

Where does the anterior tibial artery pass

A

passes into anterior compartment through a gap in the interosseous membrane between the tibia and the fibula

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19
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery become

A

at the foot it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery

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20
Q

How does the posterior tibial artery enter the foot

A

through the tarsal tunnel, winding behind the medial malleolus

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21
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery split into

A

the lateral and medial plantar arteries

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22
Q

Where is the pulse palpable for the posterior tibial nerve

A

inferiorly and posteriorly behind the medial malleolus

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23
Q

What does dorsalis pedis give off

A

the deep plantar artery

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24
Q

Where does the deep plantar artery form

A

between the first and second metatarsals

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25
Q

What does the deep plantar artery anastomose with

A

the branch of the lateral plantar artery to form the plantar arch on the sole of the foot

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26
Q

Where is superficial venous system located

A

in the subcutaneous tissue

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27
Q

Where is deep venous system located

A

in the deep fascia

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28
Q

What do the veins of the deep system accompany

A

the arteriole system (also copies their names)

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29
Q

What do the veins of the superficial system drain into

A

into the deep venous system

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30
Q

What arteries are accompanied by veins on the anterior side of the foot

A

a vein accompanies the arcuate artery which drains into the vein that accompanies the dorsalis pedis artery

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31
Q

Which veins drain into the anterior tibial vein

A

vein that accompanies the arcuate artery and the vein that accompanies the dorsalis pedis artery

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32
Q

In the sole of the foot which arteries are accompanied by which veins

A

are veins that accompany the deep plantar arterial arch, the plantar venous arch which has medial and lateral plantar veins (like the medial and lateral plantar arteries)

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33
Q

What do the plantar veins drain into, and where

A

the posterior tibial vein just behind the medial malleolus

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34
Q

What do the posterior and anterior tibial veins drain into

A

the popliteal vein

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35
Q

What does the fibular vein drain into

A

the lateral compartment of the leg

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36
Q

How does the popliteal vein pass into the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

through the adductor magnus

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37
Q

What is the popliteal vein called after it passes through the adductor hiatus

A

the femoral vein

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38
Q

What does the femoral vein recieve

A

a tributary from profunda femoris

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39
Q

What accompanies the lateral and medial circumflex arteries

A

branches that drain into the profunda femoris vein

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40
Q

What does the femoral vein pass under

A

the inguinal ligament

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41
Q

When the femoral vein passes under the inguinal ligament what is it now called

A

the external iliac vein

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42
Q

what does the external iliac vein join and what does this form

A

internal iliac vein to form the common iliac vein

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43
Q

What do the right and left common iliac veins unit to form

A

the inferior vena cava

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44
Q

What is a deep vain thrombosis

A

clot in one of the deep veins

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45
Q

What is a pulmonary embolus

A

when a clot that has been dislodged passes into the right side of the heart

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46
Q

What does the superficial venous system consist of

A

small saphenous vein and great saphenous vein

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47
Q

Where does the small spahenous vein arise

A

from the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch

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48
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein travel

A

passes behind the lateral malleolus where it ascends posteriorly up the leg to the knee

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49
Q

What does the small saphenous vein drain into

A

popliteal vein, behind the knee joint

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50
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein arise

A

from the medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch

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51
Q

What is the course of the great saphenous vein

A

It passes in front of the medial malleolus, along the medial aspect of the leg and along the entire length of the lower limb

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52
Q

What does the great saphenous vein drain into

A

femoral vein

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53
Q

What are perforating veins

A

small little veins that pass from the superficial to the deep venous system

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54
Q

Why is the deep venous system at a higher pressure than the superficial

A

to prevent the back flow of blood from deep to superficial

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55
Q

Where are the valves in the saphenous vein

A

at the junction where they meet the deep system

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56
Q

What causes varicose veins

A

backflow of blood causing the superficial veins to dilate

57
Q

Where is the tensor fascia lata muscle located

A

gluteal muscle located in the lateral aspect

58
Q

What is the role of the tensor fascia lata

A

flexion and medial rotation of the hip joint

59
Q

Where does sartorius run

A

from the anterior superior iliac spine to the upper medial leg

60
Q

What is the function of sartorius

A

hip flexion, weak abduction and lateral thigh rotation, knee flexion and medial knee rotation

61
Q

Where is quadriceps located

A

lateral to sartoriys

62
Q

Name the 4 heads of quadriceps

A

vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius

63
Q

What is the function of quadricps

A

knee extension. Rectus femoris also involved in hip flexion because it passes hip joint on anterior side

64
Q

Where does the quadriceps tendon insert

A

attaches to the borders of the patella, after it inserts to the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

65
Q

Name the muscles in the superficial layer of the medial (adductor) compartment

A

adductor longus and pectineus

66
Q

Name the muscle in the medial layer of the medial (adductor) compartment

A

adductor brevis

67
Q

Name the muscles in the deep layer of the medial (adductor) compartment

A

adductor magnus and gracilis

68
Q

What is the landmark for adductor brevis

A

anterior branch of the obturator nerve which passes anterior to it

69
Q

What forms the pes anserine tendon

A

sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus

70
Q

What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament

71
Q

What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle

A

adductor longus

72
Q

What forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle

A

sartorius

73
Q

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle

A

pectineus, psoas major and iliacus

74
Q

What is inside the femoral triangle from lateral to medial

A

femoral nerve, femoral artery and femoral vein

75
Q

Where do the nerves that supply the lower extremity come from

A

the anterior rami of the second to the fifth sacral nerves

76
Q

Where does the anterior ramus arise

A

from the intervertebral foramen that is below each vertebra

77
Q

Where does the anterior rami of the sacral nerves emerge

A

from the anterior sacral formaina

78
Q

How is each rami names

A

according to the spinal segment above it

79
Q

Where does the femoral nerve emerge

A

lateral to psoas major

80
Q

What is the nerve of the anterior thigh

A

femoral nerve

81
Q

Where does the femoral nerve run

A

across the iliacus muscle and passes under the inguinal ligament, lateral to the femoral artery

82
Q

What happens to the femoral nerve below the inguinal ligament

A

breaks into several branches (longest is saphenous nerve)

83
Q

Where does the saphenous nerve run

A

which goes down under the deep fascia, then on the lower medial thigh it becomes superficial and runs with the superficial fascia on the medial leg

84
Q

What does the femoral nerve supply

A

supplies iliacus, all 4 head of quadriceps, pectineus and sartorius.

85
Q

What is the nerve of the medial compartment

A

obturator nerve

86
Q

What does the obturator nerve supply

A

supplies the obturator externus, adductor brevis and longus, and the anterior part of adductor magnus

87
Q

Where does obturator nerve arise

A

medial to psoas major

88
Q

Where does the obturator nerve run

A

crosses the wing of the sacrum then runs along the back of the ischiopubic ramus

89
Q

How does the obturator nerve leave the pelvis

A

by passing through the obturator canal (just above obturator internus)

90
Q

Once the obturator nerve leaves the pelvis where does it emerge and run

A

It emerges over the top of obturator externus, it branches run down between the adductor muscles

91
Q

Name the artery in the medial compartment of the thigh

A

obturator artery

92
Q

What is the deep femoral artery a branch of

A

femoral artery

93
Q

What are the branches of the seep femoral artery

A

lateral circumflex artery, medial circumflex artery and perforating branches

94
Q

What is the inguinal ligament

A

a strong tight band that forms the lowest part of the abdominal wall and is the lower edge of the external oblique aponeurosis

95
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament pass

A

from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

96
Q

What occupies the gap between the inguinal ligament and the superior pubic ramus

A

by the iliacus and the psoas muscles and partly by the femoral nerve, artery, vein and inguinal lymph nodes

97
Q

Where does vastus intermedius, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis arise from

A

the femur

98
Q

Where does rectus femoris arise

A

hip bone

99
Q

Where on the femur does vastus intermedius arise

A

a broad area on the lateral aspect and the front of the femur, forming a bulge on the front

100
Q

What covers vastus intermedius

A

vastus medialis and vastus lateralis, their fibres run obliquely all the way round to the back

101
Q

Where does vastus lateralis arise from

A

the lateral edge of the linea aspera and from the side and front of the greater trochanter

102
Q

Where does vastus medialis arise

A

from the medial edge of the linea aspera and from just below the lesser trochanter

103
Q

What does the thin strip of bone between the lines of origin of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis provide

A

provides insertion of all adductor muscles and origin of the short head of biceps

104
Q

Where do the 2 heads of rectus femoris tendon arise

A

posterior - just above the acetabulum
anterior - anterior inferior iliac spine

105
Q

What do the 4 heads of quadriceps form

A

the quadricpes tendon

106
Q

Where do , the lowest fibres of vastus lateralis and medialis insert

A

onto the sides of the patella

107
Q

What is the function of quadriceps

A

knee extension - When the foot is off the ground it straightens and holds the leg straight. When the foot is on the ground it keeps the leg straight while the hamstring muscles extend the hip

108
Q

Name the 2 anti-gravity muscles

A

quadriceps and gluteus maximus

109
Q

What is the function of anti-gravity muscles

A

lifting the body upward (jumping, climbing a hill, rising from a sitting position)

110
Q

Where does the adductor canal lie

A

between vastus medialis and the adjoining adductor longus muscle

111
Q

Why is the adductor canal important

A

i because the femoral vessels run through it when the go from the front of the thigh to the back

112
Q

What forms the adductor canal

A

formed by the groove between adductor longus and vastus medialis and by a sheet of fascia called the roof of the adductor canal which bridges over between the muscle

113
Q

What covers the adductor canal

A

the sartorius muscle

114
Q

Where does iliacus arise

A

from almost all of the inner aspect of the wing of the ilium

115
Q

Where does psoas major arise from

A

the transverse processes of all 5 lumbar vertebrae and from the sides of the intervertebral discs and the adjoining vertebral bodies

116
Q

What does iliacus and psoas major travel

A

pass over the superior pubic ramus and under the inguinal ligament

117
Q

Where does iliacis and psoas major insert

A

on the lesser trochanter

118
Q

What is the function of iliacus and psoas major

A

Contraction causes flexion of the hip joint, bringing the thigh forward (when the limb is free to move), or brings the body upright (when the limb is fixed).

119
Q

Is sartorius the most superficial

A

yes

120
Q

How does sartorius run

A

It runs in a spiral on the anterior superior iliac spine and ending up on the tibia

121
Q

Sartorius function

A

It flexes the hip and can produce lateral rotation.

122
Q

Where does adductor magnus arise

A

from the outer border of ischipubic ramus

123
Q

Where does adductor magnus insert

A

The upper part inserts on the linea aspera, the lower part inserting on the adductor tubercle of the femur. The gap is the adductor hiatus

124
Q

Where does adductor longus and brevis sir

A

in front of adductor magnus

125
Q

Where does adductor brevis and longus arise

A

Brevis arises on the body of the pubis, longus arises on the edge

126
Q

Where does adductor brevis and longus insert

A

They are inserted on the femur next to adductor magnus, brevis above, longus below. Insertion of longus stops just short of the adductor hiatus.

127
Q

Which muscle is the shortest hip adductor muscle

A

pectineus

128
Q

Where does pectineus arise

A

from a line on the superior pubic ramus

129
Q

Where does pectineus insert

A

just infront of adductir brevis

130
Q

Where does gracilis arise and insert

A

arise on the pubis and inserts on the tibia

131
Q

What are the actions of gracilis

A

adduction of the thigh at the hip and flexion of the leg at the knee

132
Q

Actions of adductor longus and brevus

A

adduction of the thigh

133
Q

Actions of adductor magnus

A

adduction and flexion of the thigh

134
Q

Actions of the hamstring

A

adduction and extension of the thigh

135
Q

What joints does gracilis cross

A

hip and knee joint

136
Q

Fascia lata function

A

limits outward expansion of contracting thigh muscles, aids venous return from lower limb and provides stability to knee joint in extended and partially flexed positions (through iliotibial tract).

137
Q

Vastus lateralis, intermedius and medialis actions

A

extension of the knee joint and stabilises the patella.

138
Q

Rectus femoris actions

A

extension of the knee joint and flexion of the hip

139
Q

Sartorius actions

A

at the hip joint it is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator. Flexor of knee joint

Anatomy (21 decks)

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