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Anatomy > Posterior thigh, popliteal fossa and posterior leg > Flashcards

Posterior thigh, popliteal fossa and posterior leg Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the gluteal region

A

lateral side of the thigh

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2
Q

What is the superior boundary of the gluteal region

A

ileal crest

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3
Q

What is the medial boundary of the gluteal region

A

sacrum, coccyx and anus

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4
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the gluteal region

A

inferior border of gluteus maximus

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5
Q

Name the superficial gluteal muscles

A

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

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6
Q

Name the deep gluteal muscles

A

piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris and obturator externus

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7
Q

Where does gluteus maximus insert

A

onto the deep fascia on the lateral side (iliotibial tract)

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8
Q

What is the function of gluteus maximus

A

extension of the hip joint

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9
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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10
Q

What is the function and innervates gluteus medius

A

hip abduction and is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve

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11
Q

What is the function and innervates gluteus minimus

A

hip abduction and is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve

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12
Q

Where does piriformis leave the pelvis

A

through the greater sciatic foramen

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13
Q

where does piriformis insert

A

onto the greater trochanter

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14
Q

Where does the superior gemellus muscle arise

A

from ischial spine

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15
Q

Where does the superior gemellus muscle insert

A

onto the greater trochanter

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16
Q

What is the general function of the deep gluteal muscles

A

lateral rotation of the hip joint

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17
Q

Where does the superior gluteal artery and superior gluteal nerve pass through

A

the greater sciatic foramen, superior to the piriformis

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18
Q

What structures are inferior to the piriformis

A

inferior gluteal artery and inferior gluteal nerve

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19
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis

A

through the greater sciatic foramen

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20
Q

What does the sciatic nerve innervate

A

the posterior thigh

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21
Q

What is the sacral tuberous ligament

A

part of the attachment of the gluteus maximus

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22
Q

What is fascia lata

A

the deep fascia of the thigh

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23
Q

Name the hamstring muscles

A

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

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24
Q

What are the 2 heads of biceps femoris

A

short and long head

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25
Q

Where do semitendinosus and semimembranosus arise and insert

A

from ischial tuberosity and insert on the medial side of the knee

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26
Q

Where does biceps femoris arise and insert

A

arises from the ischial tuberosity (long head) and the femur (short head) and inserts on the head of the fibula

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27
Q

What is the function of the hamstring

A

flexion of knee joint. The long head of biceps, semitendinosus and semimembranosus are involved in extension of hip joint

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28
Q

What do the hamstring muscles do when quadriceps resists flexion of the knee

A

produces extension of the hip

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29
Q

What do the hamstring muscles do when hip flexors resist extension of the knee

A

produce flexion of the knee

30
Q

What do the hamstring muscles do when the knee is flexed

A

medial (from the 2 semi muscles) and lateral (from biceps femoris) rotation at the knee joint

31
Q

What is the medial superior border of the popliteal fossa

A

semimembranosus and semitendinosus

32
Q

What is the lateral superior border of the popliteal fossa

A

biceps femoris

33
Q

What is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa

A

medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius

34
Q

What is the shape of the popliteal fossa

A

a diamond shape

35
Q

Name the superficial structures seen on top of the popliteal fossa

A

sural nerve and the small saphenous vein

36
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein drain

A

into the popliteal vein

37
Q

What forms the sural nerve

A

the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve and the sural communicating branch

38
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve run

A

exits via the greater sciatic foramen, comes down and passes through the hamstring muscles (deep to biceps femoris)

39
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve divide

A

4cm superior to popliteal fossa

40
Q

What does the sciatic nerve divide into

A

the tibial nerve (medial and is thicker) and the common fibular (peroneal) nerve (lateral, and is thinner)

41
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve run

A

goes towards the fibular neck (diverges laterally, running just behind the tendon of biceps femoris)

42
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve divide

A

after it passes around the neck of the fibular, and passes into the peroneus longus

43
Q

What does the common fibular nerve divide into

A

the superficial fibular and deep fibular nerve

44
Q

Where does the tibial nerve run

A

continues down the popliteal fossa in the midline and then passes between the 2 heads of gastrocnemius (along with the popliteal vessels) and goes into the posterior leg

45
Q

What does the tibial nerve innervate

A

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, popliteus, gastrocnemius, plantaris and long head of biceps femoris

46
Q

What does the common fibular nerve supply

A

short head of biceps femoris

47
Q

What gives the blood supply to the posterior thigh

A

perforating branches of the deep femoral artery

48
Q

Where do the femoral vessels run

A

they pass beneath the roof of the adductor canal and through the adductor hiatus, they emerge behind adductor magnus

49
Q

What are the popliteal artery and vein

A

are a continuation of femoral artery and femoral vein as they pass through the adductor hiatus (opening in the adductor Magnus)

50
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve join the popliteal vessels

A

a little above the knee

51
Q

At the back of the knee where does the popliteal artery lie

A

deep to the nerve and popliteal vein

52
Q

What does the popliteal artery give off above the knee

A

the lateral and medial superior genicular arteries

53
Q

What does the popliteal artery give off at the knee

A

it gives off the 2 heads of gastrocnemius, and below the knee it gives off 2 inferior genicular arteries (medial and lateral).

54
Q

Where does the popliteal artery disappear to

A

deep to the 2 heads of gastrocnemius

55
Q

Where do sartorius and gracilis arise and insert

A

close to semitendinosus and arises on the anterior superior iliac spine

56
Q

What does the obturator nerve supply

A

supplies obturator externus, adductor brevis and longus, and the anterior part of adductor magnus

57
Q

What does the femoral nerve supply

A

iliacus, pectineus, all 4 heads of quadriceps and sartorius

58
Q

What does the obturator and femoral nerve give off

A

sensory branches

59
Q

Where does the popliteus muscle arise from

A

back of the tibia

60
Q

Where does the popliteus muscle insert

A

onto the lateral epicondyle of the femur

61
Q

What does the tendon of popliteus pass through

A

the capsule of the knee joint

62
Q

What is the function of the popliteus muscle

A

It is a minor flexor of the knee and can produce medial rotation of the tibia

63
Q

What muscle is on top of popliteus

A

small plantaris muscle

64
Q

Where does the small plantaris muscle arise

A

from the lateral epicondyle of the femur

65
Q

Where does the tendon of the small plantaris muscle run

A

down the back of the soleus muscle

66
Q

What muscle is on top of plantaris and popliteus

A

gastrocnemius

67
Q

Where do the 2 heads of gastrocnemius arise

A

from the back of medial and lateral condyles of the femur

68
Q

Where does gastrocnemius travel

A

runs downward and joins with the soleus muscle to form the calcaneal tendon

69
Q

What is the function of gastrocnemius

A

slight flexion of the knee but mainly acts on the ankle joint

70
Q

Which muscles flex the leg at the knee

A

gastrocnemius and plantaris

71
Q

Which muscles plantar flex and invert the foot

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior

72
Q

Which muscles flex the digits

A

flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus

Anatomy (21 decks)

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