Posterior thigh, popliteal fossa and posterior leg Flashcards
What is the lateral boundary of the gluteal region
lateral side of the thigh
What is the superior boundary of the gluteal region
ileal crest
What is the medial boundary of the gluteal region
sacrum, coccyx and anus
What is the inferior boundary of the gluteal region
inferior border of gluteus maximus
Name the superficial gluteal muscles
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
Name the deep gluteal muscles
piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris and obturator externus
Where does gluteus maximus insert
onto the deep fascia on the lateral side (iliotibial tract)
What is the function of gluteus maximus
extension of the hip joint
What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
What is the function and innervates gluteus medius
hip abduction and is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
What is the function and innervates gluteus minimus
hip abduction and is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
Where does piriformis leave the pelvis
through the greater sciatic foramen
where does piriformis insert
onto the greater trochanter
Where does the superior gemellus muscle arise
from ischial spine
Where does the superior gemellus muscle insert
onto the greater trochanter
What is the general function of the deep gluteal muscles
lateral rotation of the hip joint
Where does the superior gluteal artery and superior gluteal nerve pass through
the greater sciatic foramen, superior to the piriformis
What structures are inferior to the piriformis
inferior gluteal artery and inferior gluteal nerve
Where does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis
through the greater sciatic foramen
What does the sciatic nerve innervate
the posterior thigh
What is the sacral tuberous ligament
part of the attachment of the gluteus maximus
What is fascia lata
the deep fascia of the thigh
Name the hamstring muscles
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
What are the 2 heads of biceps femoris
short and long head
Where do semitendinosus and semimembranosus arise and insert
from ischial tuberosity and insert on the medial side of the knee
Where does biceps femoris arise and insert
arises from the ischial tuberosity (long head) and the femur (short head) and inserts on the head of the fibula
What is the function of the hamstring
flexion of knee joint. The long head of biceps, semitendinosus and semimembranosus are involved in extension of hip joint
What do the hamstring muscles do when quadriceps resists flexion of the knee
produces extension of the hip
What do the hamstring muscles do when hip flexors resist extension of the knee
produce flexion of the knee
What do the hamstring muscles do when the knee is flexed
medial (from the 2 semi muscles) and lateral (from biceps femoris) rotation at the knee joint
What is the medial superior border of the popliteal fossa
semimembranosus and semitendinosus
What is the lateral superior border of the popliteal fossa
biceps femoris
What is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa
medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius
What is the shape of the popliteal fossa
a diamond shape
Name the superficial structures seen on top of the popliteal fossa
sural nerve and the small saphenous vein
Where does the small saphenous vein drain
into the popliteal vein
What forms the sural nerve
the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve and the sural communicating branch
Where does the sciatic nerve run
exits via the greater sciatic foramen, comes down and passes through the hamstring muscles (deep to biceps femoris)
Where does the sciatic nerve divide
4cm superior to popliteal fossa
What does the sciatic nerve divide into
the tibial nerve (medial and is thicker) and the common fibular (peroneal) nerve (lateral, and is thinner)
Where does the common fibular nerve run
goes towards the fibular neck (diverges laterally, running just behind the tendon of biceps femoris)
Where does the common fibular nerve divide
after it passes around the neck of the fibular, and passes into the peroneus longus
What does the common fibular nerve divide into
the superficial fibular and deep fibular nerve
Where does the tibial nerve run
continues down the popliteal fossa in the midline and then passes between the 2 heads of gastrocnemius (along with the popliteal vessels) and goes into the posterior leg
What does the tibial nerve innervate
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, popliteus, gastrocnemius, plantaris and long head of biceps femoris
What does the common fibular nerve supply
short head of biceps femoris
What gives the blood supply to the posterior thigh
perforating branches of the deep femoral artery
Where do the femoral vessels run
they pass beneath the roof of the adductor canal and through the adductor hiatus, they emerge behind adductor magnus
What are the popliteal artery and vein
are a continuation of femoral artery and femoral vein as they pass through the adductor hiatus (opening in the adductor Magnus)
Where does the sciatic nerve join the popliteal vessels
a little above the knee
At the back of the knee where does the popliteal artery lie
deep to the nerve and popliteal vein
What does the popliteal artery give off above the knee
the lateral and medial superior genicular arteries
What does the popliteal artery give off at the knee
it gives off the 2 heads of gastrocnemius, and below the knee it gives off 2 inferior genicular arteries (medial and lateral).
Where does the popliteal artery disappear to
deep to the 2 heads of gastrocnemius
Where do sartorius and gracilis arise and insert
close to semitendinosus and arises on the anterior superior iliac spine
What does the obturator nerve supply
supplies obturator externus, adductor brevis and longus, and the anterior part of adductor magnus
What does the femoral nerve supply
iliacus, pectineus, all 4 heads of quadriceps and sartorius
What does the obturator and femoral nerve give off
sensory branches
Where does the popliteus muscle arise from
back of the tibia
Where does the popliteus muscle insert
onto the lateral epicondyle of the femur
What does the tendon of popliteus pass through
the capsule of the knee joint
What is the function of the popliteus muscle
It is a minor flexor of the knee and can produce medial rotation of the tibia
What muscle is on top of popliteus
small plantaris muscle
Where does the small plantaris muscle arise
from the lateral epicondyle of the femur
Where does the tendon of the small plantaris muscle run
down the back of the soleus muscle
What muscle is on top of plantaris and popliteus
gastrocnemius
Where do the 2 heads of gastrocnemius arise
from the back of medial and lateral condyles of the femur
Where does gastrocnemius travel
runs downward and joins with the soleus muscle to form the calcaneal tendon
What is the function of gastrocnemius
slight flexion of the knee but mainly acts on the ankle joint
Which muscles flex the leg at the knee
gastrocnemius and plantaris
Which muscles plantar flex and invert the foot
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior
Which muscles flex the digits
flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus
