Pectoral region, deltoid and axilla

Question 1

What forms the anterior border of the axilla

Answer 1

pectoralis major

Question 2

What forms the medial boundary of the axilla

Answer 2

serratus anterior and underlying ribs

Question 3

What 3 muscles form the posterior border of the axilla

Answer 3

teres major, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi

Question 4

What does the serratus anterior connect to

Answer 4

the ribs and scapula

Question 5

Where does the teres major extend from and to

Answer 5

the scapula to the anterior part of the humerus

Question 6

Where is the subscapularis attached

Answer 6

on the anterior part of the scapula to the anterior part of the humerus

Question 7

Where does the lattisimus dorsi attach on to

Answer 7

the anterior part of the humerus

Question 8

What shape do those boundaries create

Answer 8

a triangular shape

Question 9

What runs through the triangular shape

Answer 9

axillary artery, axillary vein, long thoracic nerve, lymph nodes and fat

Question 10

What does the axillary artery do in the axilla

Answer 10

from the root of the neck it diverges in the axilla, then enters the arm and provides several branches on the axilla

Question 11

What bones are associated with the axilla

Answer 11

humerus, scapula and ribs

Question 12

What is the shape of the deltoid muscle

Answer 12

a roughly triangle shape

Question 13

Anteriorly where does the deltoid originate

Answer 13

superior aspect of the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

Question 14

Laterally, where does the deltoid originate from

Answer 14

the lateral and superior part of the acromion process if the scapula

Question 15

Posteriorly where does the deltoid originate from

Answer 15

inferior edge of the spine of the scapula

Question 16

What are the 3 sets of fibres of the deltoid

Answer 16

The anterior, clavicular fibers , the lateral acromial fibers and the posterior, spinal fibers

Question 17

When the 3 sets of fibres from the deltoid come together what do they form

Answer 17

a tendon that inserts onto the deltoid tuberosity on the lateral aspect of the humerus

Question 18

Where do the fibres of the deltoid run in relation to the glenohumeral joint

Answer 18

anteriorly and posteriorly around it allowing the deltoid to produce several movements around it

Question 19

What can the anterior fibres of the deltoid do

Answer 19

draw the arms forward to flex the shoulder and can medially rotate the humerus

Question 20

What do the posterior fibres of the deltoid do

Answer 20

fibers extend the shoulder and cause lateral rotation of the humerus

Question 21

What other muscles do the posterior fibres of the deltoid act synergistically with

Answer 21

trapezius and teres major

Question 22

What do the lateral fibres of the deltoid do

Answer 22

abductors of the shoulder

Question 23

What are the lateral fibres of the deltoid assisted by

Answer 23

the supraspinatus of the rotator cuff

Question 24

What does the deltoid receive its blood supply from

Answer 24

by the acromial and deltoid branches of the thoracoacromial artery and the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries. Can recieve supply from subscapular artery and deltoid branch of the profundo brachii

Question 25

Which nerve innervates the deltoid

Answer 25

axillary nerve

Question 26

Where does pectoralis major arise from

Answer 26

the medial third of the clavicle, from the front of the sternum and the front of the first 6 costal cartilages

Question 27

Where does the pectoralis major insert on to

Answer 27

the anterior edge of the bicipital groove

Question 28

What is the function of pectoralis major

Answer 28

abductor of the humerus, when its adducting effect is held in check by other muscles it produces internal rotation

Question 29

Where does lattissimus dorsi originate

Answer 29

under the tail end of trapezius, at T7, and goes all the way down to the sacrum and out onto the posterior iliac crest. It also has some fibers arising from the lower 4 ribs and sometimes from the lower scapula

Question 30

Where does latissimus dorsi insert on to

Answer 30

bicipital groove - to do this it has to spiral around teres major

Question 31

How does latissimus dorsi spiral round

Answer 31

it spiral from the back to the front with the lowest fibres of origin ending up highest

Question 32

What is the function of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 32

abductor of humerus. Acting through humerus it is a powerful depressor of the scapula (can overcome whole weight of body).

Question 33

How many muscles move the scapula in relation to the trunk

Answer 33

6 - 4 on back, 1 in front and 1 on the side

Question 34

What is the muscle underneath that moves the scapula

Answer 34

serratus naterior

Question 35

Where does the serratus anterior arise from

Answer 35

side and front of the first 8 ribs, it runs back under the scapula and is inserted on the medial border of the scapula

Question 36

When the whole serratus anterior contracts

Answer 36

it pulls the scapula forward around the rib cage (protusion)

Question 37

What happens when the scapula's upper or lower fibres contract separately

Answer 37

It produces downward or upward rotation of the scapula and stabilizes the scapula against the thoracic wall

Question 38

What are the 4 muscles on the back which move the scapula

Answer 38

trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and rhomboid major

Question 39

Where does levator scapulae arise from

Answer 39

the outer most point of the first 3 cervical vertebra and inserts on the upper medial corner of the scapula

Question 40

What does the levator scapulae do

Answer 40

helps elevate the scapula

Question 41

Where do the rhomboids arise from

Answer 41

the 4th cervical to the 5th thoracic vertebrae, and insert along the medial border of the scapula

Question 42

What is the function of the rhomboids

Answer 42

to elevate and retract the scapula

Question 43

Which muscles does the trapezius overlie?

Answer 43

levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and major

Question 44

Where does the upper and lower part of the trapezius converge

Answer 44

on the spine of the scapula

Question 45

Where does the upper part of the trapezius arise from

Answer 45

arises from the occiput, and from the nuchal ligament, and from T1-T3 in the mid-line.

Question 46

Where does the upper part of the trapezius insert

Answer 46

inserted along the upper edge of the spine of the scapula, around the acromion and along the lateral third of the clavicle

Question 47

Where does the lower part of the trapezius arise

Answer 47

from T4 to T12 in the mid-line

Question 48

Where does the lower part of the trapezius insert

Answer 48

on the lower edge of the spine of the scapula

Question 49

What happens when the whole of the trapezius contracts

Answer 49

it retracts the scapula

Question 50

What happens when only the upper part of the trapezius contracts

Answer 50

it elevates the scapula

Question 51

What is the muscle in front that moves the scapula

Answer 51

pectoralis minor

Question 52

Where does pectoralis minor arise between

Answer 52

the 2nd and 4th ribs

Question 53

Where does pectoralis minor insert

Answer 53

coracoid process

Question 54

What is the function of pectoralis minor

Answer 54

It produces depression of the scapula. It stabilizes the scapula against the thoracic wall and is an accessary muscle of respiration.

Question 55

Where does the subclavius go

Answer 55

from the first rib to the clavicle

Question 56

Where does the omohyoid arise

Answer 56

from the hyoid bone and inserts in the upper edge of the spine of the scapula

Question 57

What does the omohyoid bone do

Answer 57

depresses the hyoid bone and the larynx do

Question 58

Where does the cephalic vein run

Answer 58

in the groove between pectoralis major and deltoid, coming up from the arm

Question 59

Which vein does the cephalic vein join

Answer 59

the subclavian vein

Question 60

Where does the subclavian vein travel

Answer 60

comes up from the arm and passes beneath pectoralis minor then over the outer surface of the first rib and under the subclavius muscle and the clavicle

Question 61

Where does the internal jugular vein join the subclavian vein

Answer 61

the medial border of the first rib, it is joined from above

Question 62

What forms the brachiocephalic vein

Answer 62

subclavian and internal jugular vein

Question 63

Where is the brachiocephalic vein located

Answer 63

medial to the first rib and enters the chest

Question 64

Where does the dome of the pleura lie

Answer 64

immediately behind the brachiocephalic vein

Question 65

What forms the superior vena cava

Answer 65

right and left brachiocephalic

Question 66

Name the arteries of the axilla

Answer 66

posterior circumflex humeral artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, subscapular artery, superior thoracic artery, thoracocromial artery, lateral thoracic artery

Question 67

What are the 6 different types of synovial joints

Answer 67

pivot, hinge, saddle, plane, condyloid, ball anc socket

Question 68

What are the 3 joints of the shoulder

Answer 68

the acromioclavocular joint, sternocalvicular joint and glenohumeral joint

Question 69

Name the ligaments by the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 69

interclavicular ligament, anterior sternoclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament

Question 70

Name the ligaments by the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 70

Acromioclavicular ligament, coracoacromial ligament, coracoclavicular ligament, conoid ligament, trapezoid ligament