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Anatomy > Pectoral region, deltoid and axilla > Flashcards

Pectoral region, deltoid and axilla Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the anterior border of the axilla

A

pectoralis major

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2
Q

What forms the medial boundary of the axilla

A

serratus anterior and underlying ribs

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3
Q

What 3 muscles form the posterior border of the axilla

A

teres major, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi

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4
Q

What does the serratus anterior connect to

A

the ribs and scapula

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5
Q

Where does the teres major extend from and to

A

the scapula to the anterior part of the humerus

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6
Q

Where is the subscapularis attached

A

on the anterior part of the scapula to the anterior part of the humerus

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7
Q

Where does the lattisimus dorsi attach on to

A

the anterior part of the humerus

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8
Q

What shape do those boundaries create

A

a triangular shape

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9
Q

What runs through the triangular shape

A

axillary artery, axillary vein, long thoracic nerve, lymph nodes and fat

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10
Q

What does the axillary artery do in the axilla

A

from the root of the neck it diverges in the axilla, then enters the arm and provides several branches on the axilla

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11
Q

What bones are associated with the axilla

A

humerus, scapula and ribs

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12
Q

What is the shape of the deltoid muscle

A

a roughly triangle shape

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13
Q

Anteriorly where does the deltoid originate

A

superior aspect of the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

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14
Q

Laterally, where does the deltoid originate from

A

the lateral and superior part of the acromion process if the scapula

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15
Q

Posteriorly where does the deltoid originate from

A

inferior edge of the spine of the scapula

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16
Q

What are the 3 sets of fibres of the deltoid

A

The anterior, clavicular fibers , the lateral acromial fibers and the posterior, spinal fibers

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17
Q

When the 3 sets of fibres from the deltoid come together what do they form

A

a tendon that inserts onto the deltoid tuberosity on the lateral aspect of the humerus

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18
Q

Where do the fibres of the deltoid run in relation to the glenohumeral joint

A

anteriorly and posteriorly around it allowing the deltoid to produce several movements around it

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19
Q

What can the anterior fibres of the deltoid do

A

draw the arms forward to flex the shoulder and can medially rotate the humerus

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20
Q

What do the posterior fibres of the deltoid do

A

fibers extend the shoulder and cause lateral rotation of the humerus

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21
Q

What other muscles do the posterior fibres of the deltoid act synergistically with

A

trapezius and teres major

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22
Q

What do the lateral fibres of the deltoid do

A

abductors of the shoulder

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23
Q

What are the lateral fibres of the deltoid assisted by

A

the supraspinatus of the rotator cuff

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24
Q

What does the deltoid receive its blood supply from

A

by the acromial and deltoid branches of the thoracoacromial artery and the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries. Can recieve supply from subscapular artery and deltoid branch of the profundo brachii

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25
Q

Which nerve innervates the deltoid

A

axillary nerve

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26
Q

Where does pectoralis major arise from

A

the medial third of the clavicle, from the front of the sternum and the front of the first 6 costal cartilages

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27
Q

Where does the pectoralis major insert on to

A

the anterior edge of the bicipital groove

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28
Q

What is the function of pectoralis major

A

abductor of the humerus, when its adducting effect is held in check by other muscles it produces internal rotation

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29
Q

Where does lattissimus dorsi originate

A

under the tail end of trapezius, at T7, and goes all the way down to the sacrum and out onto the posterior iliac crest. It also has some fibers arising from the lower 4 ribs and sometimes from the lower scapula

30
Q

Where does latissimus dorsi insert on to

A

bicipital groove - to do this it has to spiral around teres major

31
Q

How does latissimus dorsi spiral round

A

it spiral from the back to the front with the lowest fibres of origin ending up highest

32
Q

What is the function of the latissimus dorsi

A

abductor of humerus. Acting through humerus it is a powerful depressor of the scapula (can overcome whole weight of body).

33
Q

How many muscles move the scapula in relation to the trunk

A

6 - 4 on back, 1 in front and 1 on the side

34
Q

What is the muscle underneath that moves the scapula

A

serratus naterior

35
Q

Where does the serratus anterior arise from

A

side and front of the first 8 ribs, it runs back under the scapula and is inserted on the medial border of the scapula

36
Q

When the whole serratus anterior contracts

A

it pulls the scapula forward around the rib cage (protusion)

37
Q

What happens when the scapula’s upper or lower fibres contract separately

A

It produces downward or upward rotation of the scapula and stabilizes the scapula against the thoracic wall

38
Q

What are the 4 muscles on the back which move the scapula

A

trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and rhomboid major

39
Q

Where does levator scapulae arise from

A

the outer most point of the first 3 cervical vertebra and inserts on the upper medial corner of the scapula

40
Q

What does the levator scapulae do

A

helps elevate the scapula

41
Q

Where do the rhomboids arise from

A

the 4th cervical to the 5th thoracic vertebrae, and insert along the medial border of the scapula

42
Q

What is the function of the rhomboids

A

to elevate and retract the scapula

43
Q

Which muscles does the trapezius overlie?

A

levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and major

44
Q

Where does the upper and lower part of the trapezius converge

A

on the spine of the scapula

45
Q

Where does the upper part of the trapezius arise from

A

arises from the occiput, and from the nuchal ligament, and from T1-T3 in the mid-line.

46
Q

Where does the upper part of the trapezius insert

A

inserted along the upper edge of the spine of the scapula, around the acromion and along the lateral third of the clavicle

47
Q

Where does the lower part of the trapezius arise

A

from T4 to T12 in the mid-line

48
Q

Where does the lower part of the trapezius insert

A

on the lower edge of the spine of the scapula

49
Q

What happens when the whole of the trapezius contracts

A

it retracts the scapula

50
Q

What happens when only the upper part of the trapezius contracts

A

it elevates the scapula

51
Q

What is the muscle in front that moves the scapula

A

pectoralis minor

52
Q

Where does pectoralis minor arise between

A

the 2nd and 4th ribs

53
Q

Where does pectoralis minor insert

A

coracoid process

54
Q

What is the function of pectoralis minor

A

It produces depression of the scapula. It stabilizes the scapula against the thoracic wall and is an accessary muscle of respiration.

55
Q

Where does the subclavius go

A

from the first rib to the clavicle

56
Q

Where does the omohyoid arise

A

from the hyoid bone and inserts in the upper edge of the spine of the scapula

57
Q

What does the omohyoid bone do

A

depresses the hyoid bone and the larynx do

58
Q

Where does the cephalic vein run

A

in the groove between pectoralis major and deltoid, coming up from the arm

59
Q

Which vein does the cephalic vein join

A

the subclavian vein

60
Q

Where does the subclavian vein travel

A

comes up from the arm and passes beneath pectoralis minor then over the outer surface of the first rib and under the subclavius muscle and the clavicle

61
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein join the subclavian vein

A

the medial border of the first rib, it is joined from above

62
Q

What forms the brachiocephalic vein

A

subclavian and internal jugular vein

63
Q

Where is the brachiocephalic vein located

A

medial to the first rib and enters the chest

64
Q

Where does the dome of the pleura lie

A

immediately behind the brachiocephalic vein

65
Q

What forms the superior vena cava

A

right and left brachiocephalic

66
Q

Name the arteries of the axilla

A

posterior circumflex humeral artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, subscapular artery, superior thoracic artery, thoracocromial artery, lateral thoracic artery

67
Q

What are the 6 different types of synovial joints

A

pivot, hinge, saddle, plane, condyloid, ball anc socket

68
Q

What are the 3 joints of the shoulder

A

the acromioclavocular joint, sternocalvicular joint and glenohumeral joint

69
Q

Name the ligaments by the sternoclavicular joint

A

interclavicular ligament, anterior sternoclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament

70
Q

Name the ligaments by the acromioclavicular joint

A

Acromioclavicular ligament, coracoacromial ligament, coracoclavicular ligament, conoid ligament, trapezoid ligament

Anatomy (21 decks)

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