Anterior leg and dorsum of the foot Flashcards
What is the superficial vein of the medial side of the anterior leg
great saphenous vein
Where does the great saphenous vein originate
starts at the dorsal venous arch of the foot
Where does the great saphenous vein run
then passes anterior through the medial malleolus and goes within the superficial fascia up the leg
How does the great saphenous vein end
drains into the femoral nerve
Which nerve travels with the great saphenous vein
the saphenous nerve - cutaneous nerve from the femoral nerve
What does the saphenous nerve supply
It supplies the skin on the medial side of the leg and goes to the medial side of the foot
What compartment is the superficial fibular nerve supply
nerve of the lateral compartment
Where does tibialis anterior muscle originate
originates from the upper 2/3 of the lateral tibia
Where does tibialis anterior muscle insert
passes under extensor retinaculum to insert on the medial cuneiform and base first metatarsal bone of the foot
What is the function of tibialis anterior muscle
function is dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
What is shin splints
A soft tissue injury involving the muscular origin of the tibialis anterior muscle on both bone and periosteum
Where does extensor hallucis longus originate
on the anterior surface of the fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane
Where does extensor hallucis longus insert
It passes under extensor retinaculum and inserts partly on to the distal phalanx of the big toe and partly on to the extensor expansion of the first MP joint
Extensor hallucis longus function
is extension of big toe and dorsiflexion of foot.
Which muscle is located on top of extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
Where in the leg is extensor digitorum longus located
lateral aspect
where does extensor digitorum longus originate
originates on the lateral tibial condyle, proximal ¾ of anterior fibula
Where does extensor digitorum longus insert
It passes under the extensor retinaculum, when it goes to the dorsum of the foot it splits into 4 tendons, going to digits 2-5, inserting onto the middle and distal phalanges.
What is the function of extensor digitorum longus
is extension of toes 2-5 (MP joint) and dorsiflexion of the ankle.
Where does peroneus tertius originate
originates with extensor digitorum longus from the medial fibular shaft
Where does the peroneus tertius insert
followed down to the dorsum of the foot its tendon attaches to the baseof the 5th metatarsal
What is the function of peroneus tertius
function is to assist extensor digitorum longus in dorsiflexion and has a role in eversion and abduction of the foot.
What is the muscle of the dorsum of the foot
extensor digitorum brevis
Where does extensor digitorum brevis originate
on the dorsal surface of the calcaneus
Where does extensor digitorum brevis insert
on the base of proximal phalanx of toes 2-4
What is the function of extensor digitorum brevis
extension of the toes
What does the tendon of extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis join
Its tendon joins the corresponding long extensor tendon.
Where does extensor hallucis brevis originate
originates on the dorsal surface of calcaneus
Where does extensor hallucis brevis insert
it inserts on the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe
What is the function of extensor hallucis brevis
extension of big toe
What does the common fibular nerve do
winds around the fibular neck and divides into 2 branches
What are the 2 branches of the common fibular nerve
the superficial fibular nerve and the deep fibular nerve
What is the sensory innervation of the superficial fibular nerve
of the lower one third of the lateral side of the leg and most of the dorsum of the foot
What is the motor innervation of the superficial fibular nerve
of proneus (fibularis) longus and proneus (fibularis) brevis
What is the sensory innervation of the deep fibular nerve
innervation of the webbed space of skin between the 1st and 2nd toes (interdigitial space)
What is the motor innervation of the deep fibular nerve
of tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius
What does the popliteal artery divide into
anterior tibial and posterior tibial
Where does the anterior tibial artery supply and run
supplies the anterior compartment of the leg and runs anterior to the interosseous membrane.
What does the anterior tibial artery become at the dorsum of the foot
the dorsalis pedis artery
Which is larger - tibia or fibula
tibia is larger
Which part of the tibia is not covered by muscle
the anteriomedial aspect of the tibia (lies directly below the skin from the knee to the ankle)
What holds the shafts of the tibia and fibular together
interosseous membrane
How are the tibia and fibular attached at the top and bottom
the proximal and distal tibiofibular joint
What types of joints are the tibiofibular joints
proximal is a synovial joint and the distal is a fibrous joint
At the distal end how are the tibia and fibula joined
by the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
What forms the articular surface of the ankle joint
a formed by a curved under surface of the tibia and the inner surface of the medial and lateral malleolus.
Which bones articulates with the tibia and fibula
the talus
What bone is behind the talus
the calcaneus
What bone is in front of the talus
navicular bone
What are the 3 articular surface of the talus
: one on the head, one on the underside (for 2 joints of inversion and eversion) and one on top for the ankle joint.
On the lateral side of the ankle joint how is it held together
together by the posterior talofibular and anterior talofibular ligament
On the medial side of the ankle joint how is it held together
Deltoid ligament
Where does the deltoid ligament attach
which attaches to a broad area on the talus and to the adjoining bones below and front.
What is the function of the tendons at the ankle joint
These ensure the talus can’t rock from side to side, and cannot move backward and forward
Why is the capsule of the ankle joint loose at the front and back
to allow for a full range of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
What is pes anserinus
the 3 tendons that have joined together on the medial aspect of the knee – tendons of Sertorius, gracilis and semitendinosus
