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Anatomy > Mediastinum, blood vessels and nerves > Flashcards

Mediastinum, blood vessels and nerves Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What is the inferior border of the mediastinum

A

diaphragm

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2
Q

What is the superior border of the mediastinum

A

superior thoracic aperture

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3
Q

What is the posterior border of the mediastinum

A

the bodies of the thoracic vertebra

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4
Q

What is the anterior border of the mediastinum

A

manubrium and sternum

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5
Q

What are the 2 halves of the mediastinum

A

inferior and superior half

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6
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the inferior half of the mediastinum

A

anterior, middle and posterior

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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior mediastinum

A

Anterior: manubrium
Posterior: T1-T4
Superior: Thoracic inlet and first rib
Inferior: sternal angle

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8
Q

Where is the oesphagus in relation to the trachea

A

posterior to the trachea

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9
Q

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm

A

the phrenic nerve

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10
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the contents of the mediastinum

A

BATS & TENTS

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11
Q

What does the BATS & TENTS mnemonic stand for

A

Brachiocephalic vein
Arch of aorta branches
Thymus (children)
Superior vena cava
&
Thoracic duct
oEsophagus
Nerves (vagus, phrenic, recurrent laryngeal)
Trachea

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12
Q

What are the parts of the thoracic aorta

A

ascending aorta, arch of aorta and descending aorta

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13
Q

What is to the left and right of the aorta

A

left - pulmonary trunk. Right - superior vena cava

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14
Q

What are the aorta’s branches

A

the coronary arteries - arise where it starts

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15
Q

What is beneath the aortic arch

A

pulmonary trunk, left main bronchus and left pulmonary veins

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16
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk divide in to

A

2 pulmonary arteries

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17
Q

What is to the right of the aortic arch

A

the trachea

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18
Q

What are the 3 arteries that arise from the aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery

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19
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk bifuricate in to

A

the right subclavian and the right common carotid artery

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20
Q

What forms the superior vena cava

A

the right and left brachiocephalic veins

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21
Q

What branches does the subclavian artery give off

A

the thyrocervical, the vertebral and the internal thoracic artery

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22
Q

Where does the subclavian artery give off its branches

A

before passing behind the anterior scalene muscle

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23
Q

What is the route of the subclavian artery

A

it arches over the upper surface of the first rib, passing behind the anterior scalene muscle

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24
Q

Where does the internal thoracic artery run

A

It runs runs down and forward over the dome of the pleura and passes behind the first costal cartilage

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25
Where does each thoracic artery run
Each thoracic artery passes behind the first rib and runs down the chest wall, just lateral to the sternum, in front of the transversus thoracis muscle
26
What does the thoracic arteries branches supply
the anterior chest wall
27
What is the thoracic artery's distal continuation known as
the superior epigastric artery
28
what does the superior epigastric artery supply
the upper part of the anterior abdominal wall
29
What is the relation of the esophagus to the descending aorta
The esophagus lies medial to it in the upper half and then in front of it in the lower half.
30
What branches does the descending aorta give off
series of posterior intercostal arteries (one for each intercostal space, except the first 2)
31
What does each posterior intercostal artery pass
along the deep aspect of an internal intercostal muscle (by the groove)
32
What are the azygous veins
the veins found in the wall of the thorax. It joins the vena cava from behind, just before the vena cava enters the pericardium.
33
What are the major contributors to the superior vena cava
the subclavian and internal jugular veins
34
How is the superior vena cava formed
On each side, the subclavian vein joins with the internal jugular behind the medial end of the clavicle forming the brachiocephalic vein. The 2 brachiocephalic veins enter the thorax and unite, forming the superior vena cava.
35
What is the subclavian vein
the principle vein of the upper extremity
36
What is the internal jugular vein
the principle vein of the head and neck
37
Where does the subclavian vein run
The subclavian vein comes up from beneath the pectoralis minor and passes beneath the clavicle. The subclavian vein passes over the flat anterior part of the first rib. The dome of the pleura is just behind and beneath the subclavian vein.
38
Where is the omohyoid muscle
in front of the jugular vein
39
What separates the subclavian vein from the subclavian artery
the anterior scalene muscle
40
Where does the internal jugular vein lie
in front of the common carotid artery and lateral to it
41
Where does the superior vena cava lie
to the right of the mid-line. It passes straight downwards and enters the pericardial sac
42
Where do the brachiocephalic veins run
pass downward into the thorax behind the manubrium
43
Compare the length of the left and right brachiocephalic vein
To the right is short and runs straight downward (due to superior vena cava being to the right) and the left is longer and runs obliquely.
44
What is to the left and behind the superior vena cava
left - ascending aorta behind - trachea
45
Where do the azygous veins begin
below the diaphragm and run up along the right side of the vertebral column
46
Where do the azygous veins receive blood from
from the posterior and lateral parts of the chest wall
47
On the right which veins enter into the azygous veins
the posterior intercostal veins
48
On the left side where do the posterior intercostal veins empty into it
the 2 hemiazygous veins which in turn empty into the azygous
49
What does the vagus nerve supply
the parasympathetic supply for all the organs of the abdomen
50
How does the phrenic nerve run on the left side
The phrenic nerve runs down on the front of the anterior scalene muscle and passes in front of the subclavian artery and behind the subclavian vein. On the left side, it then runs downward in the mediastinum (just beneath the pleura) in front of the root of the lung, close to the superior vena cava and right atrium. It then passes through the diaphragm
51
How does the phrenic nerve run on the right side
Same as left but it passes over the aorta, pulmonary trunk and left ventricle
52
Where dies the vagus nerve run
lies behind and between the internal jugular vein and the common carotid artery. It passes in front of the subclavian artery.
53
What branch does the vagus nerve give off on the right
the right recurrent laryngeal
54
Where does the right recurrent laryngeal run
curls round the subclavian artery and passes upwards to the larynx
55
Where does the right vagus nerve run
it passes downwards and backwards, close to the trachea to reach the oesophagus. It breaks up into several branches as it runs down the oesophagus
56
Where does the left vagus nerve run
, it crosses the arch of the aorta and passes backward to run down alongside the oesophagus and through the diaphragm
57
Where does the left recurrent laryngeal branch run
it curls around the arch of the aorta to return to the neck.
58
What are the intercostal nerves a direct continuation of
the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves
59
What do the intercostal nerves innervate
give motor innervation to the intercostal muscles and sensory innervation to the chest wall.
60
Where does the sympathetic trunk run
alongside the vertebral column, from T1 to sacrum
61
What is the thickening in the sympathetic trunk
ganglia
62
What are the rami communicants
The fine connections between the sympathetic trunk and the anterior rami of the spinal nerves
63
What are the splanchnic nerves
The nerves passing medially from the sympathetic trunk on their way to the celiac and mesenteric ganglia

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