Lateral leg and sole of foot Flashcards
What is the joint called where the metatarsals and 3 cuneiform bones (tarsal bones) meet
tarso-metatarsal joints
How many phalanges does each toe have
big toe has 2 (proximal and distal phalanx). The other 4 toes have 3 (proximal, medial and distal phalanx)
What are the metatarsophalangeal joints
Joints between metatarsal bones and proximal phalanx
What are the interphalangeal joints
joints between the phalanges
Name the big muscles of the big toe
flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis and abductor hallucis
Where does flexor hallucis brevis arise
has 2 distinct parts which arise from the cuboid and third cuneiform bones
Where does flexor hallucis brevis insert
It gives rise to 2 tendons of insertion which attach to the medial and lateral sesamoid bones and then to the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe
Where does the tendon of flexor hallucis longus run
between the 2 halves of flexor hallucis brevis
What are the 2 heads of adductor halucis
oblique and transverse
Where does the oblique head of adductor hallucis arise from
the bases of the middle 3 metatarsals
Where does the transverse head of adductor hallucis arise from
the deep transverse metatarsal ligament
What do the 2 heads of adductor hallucis do
These 2 heads converge, and merge with the medial head of flexor hallucis brevis
Where does the tendon of adductor hallucis insert
the medial sesamoid bone and the base of the proximal phalanx
Where is abductor hallucis in relation to flexor hallucis brevis
medial to flexor
Where does abductor hallucis arise from
the medial side of the calcaneus
What does the tendon of abductor hallucis do
merge with the medial part of flexor hallucis brevis
Where does abductor hallucis insert
on the medial sesamoid bone and on the base of the proximal phalanx
What us the function of flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis and abductor hallucis
Produce flexion at the MP joint. Adductor and abductor hallucis can produce adduction and abduction of the big toe
Name the short muscles of the little toe
flexor digiti minimi brevis and abductor digit minimi
Where does flexor digiti minimi brevis and abductor digit minimi arise from
arises from calcaneous
Where does flexor digiti minimi brevis and abductor digit minimi inserts
on the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe
Name the long flexor muscles of the foot
flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus
Where does flexor hallucis longus arise from
back of the fibula, medial to flexor digitorum longus
Where does flexor digitorum longus arise from
the back of the tibia
Where is tibialis posterior located
Tibialis posterior is the most deeply placed. It crosses beneath flexor digitorum longus and emerges in front of it, just above the ankle
Where does tibialis posterior arise
at the back of the tibia, from the gap in the attachment of flexor hallucis longus
What does tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum brevis pass under at the ankle
flexor retinaculum in their own fibrous tunnel
Once flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus emerge out of the retinaculum what do they do
they cross over, flexor hallucis longus lies deeper
Where does the tendon of flexor hallucis longus run
passes forward, and enters the fibrous flexor tendon sheath of the big toe - the 2 sesamoid bones lie on each side of it, as it passes beneath the MP joint.
Where does flexor hallucis longus insert
into the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe
What does flexor digitorum longus divide into
4 tendons which pass along the flexor tendon sheaths and insert on the distal phalanges
How many interosseous muscles are there in the foot
There are 7 interosseous muscles, 2 for each of the 3 middle toes and 1 for the fifth toe
Where do the interosseous muscles arise from
the shaft of the metatarsals
Where do the interosseous muscles insert
into the bases of the proximal phalanges
What is the action of the interosseous muscles
flex the toes at the MP joints
What are the muscles that occupy the middle of the foot associated with
flexor digitorum longus
Name the muscles that occupy the middle of the foot
tiny lumbrical muscles, flexor accessorius and superficial to them flexor digitorum brevis.
What are the 4 lumbricals in the foot like
the lumbricals in the hand
What is the other name of flexor accessorius
quadratus plantae
Where does flexor accessorius arise
arises from 2 heads on either side of the calcaneus
Where does flexor accessorius insert
on the deep aspect of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus
What is the function of flexor accessorius
aids in flexing the toes
Where does flexor digitorum brevis arise
from the calcaneus
What does flexor digitorum brevis divide into
4 tendons
What happens to flexor digitorum brevis in the tendon sheath
it splits into 2 which encircles the longus tendon
Where does flexor digitorum brevis insert
onto the bases of the middle phalanges
What is the function of flexor digitorum brevis
assists in producing flexion of the MP and IP joints
What structure is superficial to flexor digitorum brevis
the plantar aponeurosis
Location of the deep fibular nerve
anterior compartment (intermuscular septum)
Location of the superficial fibular nerve
lateral compartment
