Lateral leg and sole of foot

Question 1

What is the joint called where the metatarsals and 3 cuneiform bones (tarsal bones) meet

Answer 1

tarso-metatarsal joints

Question 2

How many phalanges does each toe have

Answer 2

big toe has 2 (proximal and distal phalanx). The other 4 toes have 3 (proximal, medial and distal phalanx)

Question 3

What are the metatarsophalangeal joints

Answer 3

Joints between metatarsal bones and proximal phalanx

Question 4

What are the interphalangeal joints

Answer 4

joints between the phalanges

Question 5

Name the big muscles of the big toe

Answer 5

flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis and abductor hallucis

Question 6

Where does flexor hallucis brevis arise

Answer 6

has 2 distinct parts which arise from the cuboid and third cuneiform bones

Question 7

Where does flexor hallucis brevis insert

Answer 7

It gives rise to 2 tendons of insertion which attach to the medial and lateral sesamoid bones and then to the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe

Question 8

Where does the tendon of flexor hallucis longus run

Answer 8

between the 2 halves of flexor hallucis brevis

Question 9

What are the 2 heads of adductor halucis

Answer 9

oblique and transverse

Question 10

Where does the oblique head of adductor hallucis arise from

Answer 10

the bases of the middle 3 metatarsals

Question 11

Where does the transverse head of adductor hallucis arise from

Answer 11

the deep transverse metatarsal ligament

Question 12

What do the 2 heads of adductor hallucis do

Answer 12

These 2 heads converge, and merge with the medial head of flexor hallucis brevis

Question 13

Where does the tendon of adductor hallucis insert

Answer 13

the medial sesamoid bone and the base of the proximal phalanx

Question 14

Where is abductor hallucis in relation to flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 14

medial to flexor

Question 15

Where does abductor hallucis arise from

Answer 15

the medial side of the calcaneus

Question 16

What does the tendon of abductor hallucis do

Answer 16

merge with the medial part of flexor hallucis brevis

Question 17

Where does abductor hallucis insert

Answer 17

on the medial sesamoid bone and on the base of the proximal phalanx

Question 18

What us the function of flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis and abductor hallucis

Answer 18

Produce flexion at the MP joint. Adductor and abductor hallucis can produce adduction and abduction of the big toe

Question 19

Name the short muscles of the little toe

Answer 19

flexor digiti minimi brevis and abductor digit minimi

Question 20

Where does flexor digiti minimi brevis and abductor digit minimi arise from

Answer 20

arises from calcaneous

Question 21

Where does flexor digiti minimi brevis and abductor digit minimi inserts

Answer 21

on the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe

Question 22

Name the long flexor muscles of the foot

Answer 22

flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus

Question 23

Where does flexor hallucis longus arise from

Answer 23

back of the fibula, medial to flexor digitorum longus

Question 24

Where does flexor digitorum longus arise from

Answer 24

the back of the tibia

Question 25

Where is tibialis posterior located

Answer 25

Tibialis posterior is the most deeply placed. It crosses beneath flexor digitorum longus and emerges in front of it, just above the ankle

Question 26

Where does tibialis posterior arise

Answer 26

at the back of the tibia, from the gap in the attachment of flexor hallucis longus

Question 27

What does tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum brevis pass under at the ankle

Answer 27

flexor retinaculum in their own fibrous tunnel

Question 28

Once flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus emerge out of the retinaculum what do they do

Answer 28

they cross over, flexor hallucis longus lies deeper

Question 29

Where does the tendon of flexor hallucis longus run

Answer 29

passes forward, and enters the fibrous flexor tendon sheath of the big toe - the 2 sesamoid bones lie on each side of it, as it passes beneath the MP joint.

Question 30

Where does flexor hallucis longus insert

Answer 30

into the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe

Question 31

What does flexor digitorum longus divide into

Answer 31

4 tendons which pass along the flexor tendon sheaths and insert on the distal phalanges

Question 32

How many interosseous muscles are there in the foot

Answer 32

There are 7 interosseous muscles, 2 for each of the 3 middle toes and 1 for the fifth toe

Question 33

Where do the interosseous muscles arise from

Answer 33

the shaft of the metatarsals

Question 34

Where do the interosseous muscles insert

Answer 34

into the bases of the proximal phalanges

Question 35

What is the action of the interosseous muscles

Answer 35

flex the toes at the MP joints

Question 36

What are the muscles that occupy the middle of the foot associated with

Answer 36

flexor digitorum longus

Question 37

Name the muscles that occupy the middle of the foot

Answer 37

tiny lumbrical muscles, flexor accessorius and superficial to them flexor digitorum brevis.

Question 38

What are the 4 lumbricals in the foot like

Answer 38

the lumbricals in the hand

Question 39

What is the other name of flexor accessorius

Answer 39

quadratus plantae

Question 40

Where does flexor accessorius arise

Answer 40

arises from 2 heads on either side of the calcaneus

Question 41

Where does flexor accessorius insert

Answer 41

on the deep aspect of the tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Question 42

What is the function of flexor accessorius

Answer 42

aids in flexing the toes

Question 43

Where does flexor digitorum brevis arise

Answer 43

from the calcaneus

Question 44

What does flexor digitorum brevis divide into

Answer 44

4 tendons

Question 45

What happens to flexor digitorum brevis in the tendon sheath

Answer 45

it splits into 2 which encircles the longus tendon

Question 46

Where does flexor digitorum brevis insert

Answer 46

onto the bases of the middle phalanges

Question 47

What is the function of flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 47

assists in producing flexion of the MP and IP joints

Question 48

What structure is superficial to flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 48

the plantar aponeurosis

Question 49

Location of the deep fibular nerve

Answer 49

anterior compartment (intermuscular septum)

Question 50

Location of the superficial fibular nerve

Answer 50

lateral compartment