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Anatomy > Gluteal region > Flashcards

Gluteal region Flashcards

1
Q

What skeleton forms the lower limbs

A

the inferior appendicular skeleton

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2
Q

What is the function of the inferior appendicular skeleton

A

for locomotion, maintaining balance and posture and supporting the body’s weight

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3
Q

How is the inferior appendicular skeleton attached to the axial skeleton

A

via the pelvic girdle

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4
Q

What are the 4 regions the lower limb is divided into

A

gluteal, thigh, leg and foot

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5
Q

What is the part of the pelvis that the head of the femur articulates with

A

the acetabulum

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6
Q

How does the femur deviate

A

medially - obliquely running long bone

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7
Q

What does the femur articulate with at the knee joint

A

tibia

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8
Q

How is the tibia orientated

A

vertically, and runs down towards the ankle joint

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9
Q

Which bone runs anterior to the femur,

A

the patella

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10
Q

What bone runs lateral to the tibia

A

the fibula

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11
Q

Where does the interosseous membrane run

A

between the fibula and tibia, provides large surface area for muscle attachment

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12
Q

What bone of the lower limb is analogous to the metacarpals of the wrist

A

tarsal bones

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13
Q

which bones form the digits of the foot

A

the phalanges

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14
Q

Where does the sacrospinal ligament run

A

from the sacrum to the ischial spine

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15
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament run

A

from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

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16
Q

Why is the sacrospinal and sacrotuberus ligaments important

A

because they convert the greater and lesser sciatic notch into a greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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17
Q

What is the name of the 2 notches by the head of the femur

A

greater and lesser trochanter

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18
Q

Where does the gluteus maximus originate

A

originates on the posterior surface of the ilium, the posterior surface of the sacrum, the sacrotuberal ligament and parts of the ischial tuberosity

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19
Q

What is the iliotibial tract

A

fascial layer that stabilises the knee joint

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20
Q

Where do the fibres of the gluteus maximus pass

A

towards the iliotibial tract or to the gluteal tuberosity

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21
Q

Where is the gluteal tuberosity

A

on the posterior surface of the femur

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22
Q

What movements is the gluteus maximus involved in

A

extending the thigh and lateral rotation

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23
Q

What does the gluteus medius lie deep to

A

the gluteus maximus

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24
Q

Where does the gluteus medius originate

A

originates form the external surface of the ilium, from the space in between the anterior and posterior gluteal line

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25
Q

Where do the fibres of the gluteus medius pass

A

to the outer part of the greater trochanter

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26
Q

What is the deepest of the gluteal muscles

A

the gluteus minimus

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27
Q

Where do the fibres of the gluteus minimus attach

A

the greater trochanter

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28
Q

Where does the gluteus minimus originate

A

comes from the space in between the posterior gluteal line and inferior gluteal line

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29
Q

What is the function of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

A

medial rotation and abduction of femur

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30
Q

What muscles make up the lateral rotaterus muscles

A

piriformis, superior and inferior gemellus, obturator internus and externus and quadratus femoris

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31
Q

What is the function of the lateral rotaterus muscles

A

laterally rotate the thigh - away from midline

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32
Q

Where does piriformis originate

A

anterior surface of sacrum

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33
Q

Where does the piriformis located

A

travels out of pelvis via greater sciatic foramen to the greater trochanter of the femur

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34
Q

What runs with the piriformis

A

the sciatic nerve

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35
Q

What shape is the piriformis

A

triangular

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36
Q

What muscle is inferior to piriformis

A

superior gemellus

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37
Q

Where does the superior gemellus run

A

from the ischial spine and towards the greater trochanter

38
Q

What muscle is beneath the superior gemellus

A

the inferior gemellus

39
Q

What are the attachments of the inferior gemellus

A

ischial tuberosity onto the greater tuberosity

40
Q

What is the most inferior gluteal muscle

A

quadratus femoris

41
Q

Where does quadratus femoris pass

A

from the ischial tuberosity across to the intertrochantic crest

42
Q

What is the intertrochanteric crest

A

the crest that runs between the greater and lesser trochanters

43
Q

What are the attachments of obturator internus

A

originates from the inside of the pelvis (inside surface of obturator foramen) and passes out of the lesser sciatic foramen

44
Q

What happens to the obturator internus as it pass round the back of the ischium

A

ischium it does a 90 degree turn, as it makes the turn it is joined above and below by gemellus superior and inferior

45
Q

When the foot is on the ground what action do the lateral rotaterus muscles create

A

can rotate the trunk to the opposite side

46
Q

What are the attachments of the obturator externus

A

arises from the obturator membrane and from the adjoining edge of the ischiopubic ramus

46
Q

Why is the quadratus formamen important

A

helps steady the femoral head in the acetabulum

47
Q

What is the fascia lata

A

is a continuous sheet of dense fibrous tissue that surrounds all of the muscles of the thigh.

48
Q

What is the thickening of the fascia lata called

A

the iliotibial tract (located on the outer aspect of the thigh)

49
Q

What attaches the iliotibial tract to the femur

A

a strong fibrous septum

50
Q

What is the function of the iliotibial tract

A

acts as the tendon of insertion for gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata

51
Q

Where are the attachments of the tensor fascia lata

A

arises from the iliac crest, it inserts on the iliotibial tract

52
Q

What do the hip abductors do when the foot is on the ground

A

the hip abductors pulling down on the ilium raise the pelvis up. This tilting of the pelvis happens when we walk to help the opposite foot take a step

53
Q

Where do the gluteal and sciatic nerves arise

A

from the sacral plexus

54
Q

What forms the sacral plexus

A

anterior rami of L5, S1, S2 and S3

55
Q

What do the nerves leave the pelvis through

A

the greater sciatic foramen

56
Q

What does the superior gluteal nerve supply

A

gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia lata

57
Q

What does the inferior gluteal nerve supply

A

gluteus maximus

58
Q

What does the sciatic nerve supply in the thigh

A

semitendinosus, semimembranousus and biceps femorus and posterior part of adductor magnus

59
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve run

A

down the middle of the thigh, deep to it is quadratus femorus and lower down adductor magnus

60
Q

Which muscle covers the sciatic nerve

A

The long head of biceps femorus which crosses over the nerve obliquely

61
Q

What forms the lumbar plexus

A

the anterior rami of L1-L4

62
Q

What group of muscles is in the anterior compartment of the lower limb

A

extensors

63
Q

What group of muscles is in the posterior compartment of the lower limb

A

flexors

64
Q

What is the nerve, artery and vein in the anterior thigh

A

femoral

65
Q

What is the nerve, artery and vein in the medial thigh

A

femoral artery and vein. Obturator nerve

66
Q

What is the nerve, artery and vein in the posterior thigh

A

Profunda femoris artery and vein. Sciatic nerve

67
Q

What is the nerve, artery and vein in the anterior leg

A

Anterior tibial artery and vein. Deep fibular nerve

68
Q

What is the nerve, artery and vein in the lateral leg

A

Anterior tibial and fibular artery. Anterior tibial vein. Superficial fibular nerve

69
Q

What is the nerve, artery and vein in the posterior leg

A

posterior tibial artery and vein. Tibial nerve

70
Q

What is the nerve, artery and vein in the foot

A

deep and superficial plantar arches artery. Medial and lateral plantar and deep fibular nerve

71
Q

What do muscles in the anterior thigh do

A

extend the leg

72
Q

What do muscles in the anterior leg do

A

dorsiflexion of the foot. Extension of the digits

73
Q

What do the muscles in the medial section fo the thigh do

A

adduction of thigh

74
Q

What do the muscles in the posterior section of the thigh do

A

flexion of the leg

75
Q

What do the muscles in the lateral section of the leg do

A

eversion of the foot

76
Q

What do the muscles in the posterior section of the leg do

A

Plantarflexion of the foot. Flexion of the digits

77
Q

Dermatomes for lateral cutaneous innervation of thigh

A

L2 and L3

78
Q

Dermatomes for posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

A

S1-S3

79
Q

Dermatomes for the lateral sural cutaneous nerve

A

L4-S2

80
Q

Myotomes for adduction

A

L1-L4

81
Q

Myotomes for abduction

A

L5/S1

82
Q

Myotomes for inversion of toes

A

L4 and L5

83
Q

Myotomes for eversion of toes

A

L5 and S1

84
Q

Myotomes for extension of leg and thigh

A

L3/L4 and L2/L3

85
Q

Myotomes for flexion of leg and thigh

A

L5/S1 and L4/L5

86
Q

Myotomes for dorsiflexion

A

L4 and L5

87
Q

Myotomes for plantarflexion

A

S1 and S2

88
Q

Vein supply of lower limb

A

femoral -> popliteal -> anterior tibial and posterior tibial. Fibular comes off posterior tibial

89
Q

Arterial supply of lower limb

A

External iliac -> femoral (branch of profunda femoris) -> popliteal -> anterior and posterior tibial.

90
Q

What are the branches of the posterior tibial artery

A

fibular artery, lateral and medial plantar artery (form the deep and superficial arches)

91
Q
A

Anatomy (21 decks)

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