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Anatomy > Abdominal cavity: greater and lesser sacs and viscera > Flashcards

Abdominal cavity: greater and lesser sacs and viscera Flashcards

1
Q

What is an intraperitoneal organ

A

it is going to be suspended within the peritoneal cavity - suspended by a mesentery

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2
Q

What forms is a mesentery

A

a layer of parietal peritoneum (lining the body wall) that is reflected from the posterior abdominal wall

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3
Q

What is a mesentery called if it descend part of the colon

A

a mesocolon according to the part of the colon (e.g., transverse mesocolon)

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4
Q

What are the mesenteries that suspend the stomach called

A

omentum

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5
Q

What is the peritoneum called when it is contact with the organ

A

visceral peritoneum

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6
Q

What is the peritoneum called when its in contact with the abdominal wall

A

parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

What is a retroperitoneal organ

A

organ that is partially covered with peritoneum

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8
Q

How was the colon created as a secondary retroperitoneal organ

A

The whole of the gastrointestinal tract was suspended by the dorsal mesentery, but when the small intestine elongated and got bigger they pushed parts of the GI tract to the sides. So ascending and descending colon and the duodenum were pushed against the posterior abdominal wall. As they got pushed to the posterior abdominal wall, the mesentery laid along side the parietal peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall

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9
Q

Where does the layer of parietal peritoneum on the abdomen wall run

A

over the superior surface of the bladder then forms a pouch between bladder and rectum (in male) and a pouch between the bladder and the uterus and the rectum (in female).

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10
Q

Where is there a layer of peritoneum that runs along the posterior abdominal wall

A

runs along the posterior abdominal wall that lies anterior to the duodenum and then anterior to the pancreas (essentially lines the abdominal pelvic cavity).

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11
Q

Where is the visceral peritoneum in relation to the liver

A

It lines the underside of the diaphragm, then runs towards the liver, we have visceral peritoneum running on the diaphragmatic surface of the liver and going under, onto this visceral surface

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12
Q

What is the anterior coronary ligament

A

reflection of the peritoneum from the liver towards the lesser curvature of the stomach.

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13
Q

What does the anterior coronary ligament form

A

forms one of the layers of the lesser omentum, this layer then runs over the stomach and goes and forms the greater omentum

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14
Q

Describe the greater omentum

A

has an anterior layer that doubles back on itself to form a posterior layer that runs over the surface of the transverse colon, then heads towards the pancreas and reflects back to form the transverse mesocolon

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15
Q

What creates the posterior coronary ligament

A

a layer of peritoneum on the surface of the liver, is reflected to the diaphragm and then runs back along the diaphragm

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16
Q

Where does the posterior coronary ligament run

A

This layer of peritoneum runs over the pancreas and joins to a layer of peritoneum coming from the greater omentum towards the posterior abdominal wall

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17
Q

Where does the inferior recess of the lesser sac run

A

passes down in between the layers of the greater omentum

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18
Q

What is the lesser omentum split into

A

the hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments

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19
Q

Where does the lesser omentum run

A

Runs from the liver to the first part of the duodenum and the liver to the lesser curvature

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20
Q

Where does the greater omentum run

A

from the greater curvature of the stomach and is then doubled back on itself to run over the transverse colon

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21
Q

How many layers of peritoneum are there superior to the transverse colon

A

6, which fuse together

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22
Q

Inferior to the transverse colon how many layers of peritoneum are there

A

4

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23
Q

What organs are in the foregut

A

stomach, spleen and liver

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24
Q

What supplies the organs of the foregut

A

the coealiac trunk

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25
Q

What is the coeliac trunk

A

a short unpaired artery that has come off the abdominal aorta

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26
Q

Where does the coeliac trunk branch off the aorta

A

at approximately T12

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27
Q

Where does the gastric artery run

A

towards and down the lesser curvature of the stomach, small branch that goes up the top of esophagus

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28
Q

What does the splenic artery supply

A

the spleen

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29
Q

Where does the splenic artery run

A

runs posterior to the stomach and once it emerges from behind the stomach it extends to the spleen where it gives off numerous branches to give arterial blood to the spleen

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30
Q

When the splenic artery arrives at the spleen, before it enters the hilum, what does it do

A

gives off a series of short gastric arteries which are responsible for supplying the fundus and posterior aspects of the stomach

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31
Q

What artery does the gastric artery give off

A

the left gastroepiploic artery

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32
Q

What does the left gastroepiploic artery supply

A

The greater curvature

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33
Q

Where does the left gastroepiploic artery run

A

along the greater curvature

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34
Q

What does the common hepatic artery divide into

A

the hepatic artery proper and the gastro duodenal artery

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35
Q

Where does the hepatic artery proper extend to

A

the liver

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36
Q

What does the hepatic artery proper divide into

A

left hepatic and right hepatic artery and the right gastric artery

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37
Q

What branch does the right hepatic artery give off

A

the cystic artery which goes to the gall bladder

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38
Q

Where does the right gastric artery run

A

to the lesser curvature of the stomach

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39
Q

What artery does the right gastric artery anastomose with

A

left gastic artery

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40
Q

Where does the gastroduodenal artery run

A

passes posterior to the right gastric, and continues posterior towards the duodenum and passes under it

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41
Q

Before the gastroduodenal passes underneath the duodenum what branch does it give off

A

supraduodenal artery

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42
Q

What does the supraduodenal artery supply

A

the superior aspect of the duodenum

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43
Q

What branches does the gastroduodenal artery give off after it has passed underneath the duodenum

A

the right gastroepiploic artery and superior pancreatico duodenal artery

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44
Q

Where does the right gastroepiploic artery run

A

runs around the greater curvature then anastomoses with the left gastroepiploic artery

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45
Q

Where does the superior pancreatico duodenal artery run

A

runs to both the duodenum and the pancreas, can split into posterior and anterior parts

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46
Q

What is the periotneum

A

a thin serous membrane

47
Q

What does the peritoneum provide

A

a continuous lining for the abdominopelvic cavity

48
Q

What does the pelvic brim mark

A

the arbitrary boundary between the abdominal and pelvic cavities

49
Q

What is between the visceral and parietal peritoneum

A

serous fluid

50
Q

Where is the greater omentum attached

A

to the whole length of the greater curve

51
Q

Where is the lesser omentum attached

A

along the lesser curve, to the underside of the liver and underside of the diaphragm. It extends to thee duodenum where it has a free lower border

52
Q

What is behind the lesser omentum

A

the omental bursa (lesser sac) that continues behind the stomach

53
Q

What is between the layers of the greater omentum

A

fat

54
Q

Where does the greater omentum hang free

A

in front of the coils of the small intetsine

55
Q

On the back, where is the greater omentum attached

A

to the front of the transverse colon

56
Q

What is the gastrocolic ligament

A

The part of the greater omentum between the stomach and the transverse colon

57
Q

If you divide the gastrocolic ligament what is below

A

the lesser sac

58
Q

What are the 2 attachments of the foregut

A

the dorsal mesogastrium (behind) and the ventral mesogastrium (in front)

59
Q

What does the liver develop in

A

the ventral mesogastrium

60
Q

What does the spleen develop in

A

the dorsal mesogastrium

61
Q

How is the lesser sac formed

A

The liver grows rapidly and presses against the wall, obliterating these layers of peritoneum, producing a pocket (the lesser sac)

62
Q

What are the borders of the epiploic foramen

A

Anteriorly – hepatoduodenal ligament (free edge of the lesser omentum), posteriorly – IVC, superiorly – liver, Inferiroly – 1st part of duodenum

63
Q

What is the epiploic foramen

A

The only opening into the lesser sac

64
Q

Where does the dorsal mesogastrium hang

A

in front of the transverse colon

65
Q

Where does the lesser sac lie behind

A

the lesser omentum, stomach and behind the gastrocolic ligament

66
Q

What is the midgut continuous with in the embryo

A

vitelline duct or yolk stalk which later becomes obliterated

67
Q

Which artery supplies the mid gut

A

the superior mesenteric artery

67
Q

Which artery supplies the hindgut

A

the inferior mesenteric artery

67
Q

Where does the falciform ligament run

A

runs from the highest part of the liver, down to the hepatic notch

68
Q

What are the anterior attachments of the falciform ligament

A

attached to the anterior abdominal wall

69
Q

What are the posterior border attachments of the falciform ligament

A

it hangs free to the umbilicus

70
Q

What structure is in the free border of the falciform ligament

A

ligamentum teres

71
Q

What is ligamentum teres a remnant of

A

the umbilical vein

72
Q

What does ligamentum teres run

A

runs through the hepatic notch onto the underside of the liver

73
Q

What are the attachments of ligamentum teres

A

attached to the underside of the diaphragm, attachment ends where right and left of the falciform ligament diverge

74
Q

What is the coronary ligament

A

continuous with right side of falciform ligament, is a fold of periotneal attachment

75
Q

What does the line of attachment of the falciform ligament to the hepatic notch divide the liver inti externally

A

small left lobe and large right lobe

76
Q

Where is the coronary ligament on the back of the liver

A

surrounds an irregular bare area of the liver which lies directly lies on the underside of the diaphragm and the posterior abdominal wall

77
Q

Where are the 2 triangular ligaments

A

they pass to the right and left near the top of the liver

78
Q

Where does the left triangular ligament extend

A

up onto the diaphragm, a little beyond the tip of the left lobe

79
Q

Where does the lower part of the lesser omentum arise from

A

the porta hepatis

80
Q

What makes up the portal triad

A

Bile duct (anterior, right), Hepatic artery (anterior, left), portal vein (posterior)

81
Q

What is the esophagogastric junction

A

the way into the stomach

82
Q

What is the way out of the stomach called

A

the pylorus which leads to the duodenum

83
Q

What is the narrow part of the stomach that leads to the pylous called

A

the pyloric antrum

84
Q

Where is the fundus of the stomach

A

an upward and backward bulge, that sits right below the diaphragm

85
Q

Describe the smooth muscle in the fundus

A

its smooth

86
Q

What forms the stomach wall

A

outer smooth muscle layer and an inner layer of mucosa

87
Q

Describe the smooth muscle layer in the pyloric antrum

A

is in longitudinal folds

88
Q

What does the muscle form of the esophagogastric junction

A

a sphincter to prevent contents of stomach passing upwards

89
Q

What does the muscle form at the pylorus

A

a sphincter that relaxes intermittently to let the contents of the stomach into the duodenum

90
Q

What forms the common hepatic duct

A

right and left hepatic ducts

91
Q

What joins the common hepatic duct

A

the cystic duct

92
Q

How does the cystic duct run and what is its function

A

runs in a spiral and fills and empties the gall bladder

93
Q

What is the common bile duct

A

passage for the bile from the cystic duct to the duodenum

94
Q

What is the gall bladder

A

a resevoir for bile

95
Q

Where does the lower part of the gall baldder hang

A

down below the free border of the liver

96
Q

Where is the upper part of the gall baldder

A

Held against the underside of the liver by a sheet of peritoneum

97
Q

What is the hepato-duodenal ligament

A

the thickened lower part of the lesser omentum (between liver and first part of duodenum)

98
Q

What lies within the hepato-duodenal ligament, close to the epiploic foramen

A

the common bile duct

99
Q

Where does the common bile duct pass down

A

behind the first part of the duodenum, as it nears the duodenum it is almost embedded in the back head of the pancreas

100
Q

On the inside of the duodenum where does the bile duct pass

A

downward beneath the duodenal mucosa, creating a bulge

101
Q

Where does the bile duct and main pancreatic duct open

A

at the duodenal papilla

102
Q

Where is the spleen located

A

behind the 9th, 10th and 11th ribs. lying between the stomach and the ribcage

103
Q

What is the function of the spleen

A

filters blood cells. Important to the immune system

104
Q

What is the spleen covered in

A

peritoneum, except at the hilum

105
Q

Where does the gastrosplenic ligament extend

A

to the greater curve of the stomach, is an upward continuation of the greater omentum

106
Q

What are the 2 double fold that meet at the hilum of the spleen

A

one in front (the gastrosplenic ligament) and one behind (the lienorenal ligament)

107
Q

What does the lienorenal ligament go

A

gives the spleen a loos connection to the left kidney

108
Q

Where is the splenic flexure

A

the left flexure of the colon

109
Q

What forms the foregut

A

Oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver biliary ducts and upper parts (1st and 2nd part) of the duodenum

110
Q

What forms the midgut

A

The rest of the small intestine, cecum, appendix, ascending colon and proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

111
Q

What forms the hindgut

A

distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum

112
Q
A

Anatomy (21 decks)

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