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Biology > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Open circulatory system

A

Heart pumps blood into vessels that are opened
Blood flows around all the cells of the body
Insects

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2
Q

Advantages of closed circulatory system

A

Blood pumped around the body faster

Blood pumped in different restes in different parts as required

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3
Q

Arteries

A 
Away from heart
High pressure
Thick, strong walls
Small lumen
No valves 
Divided into arterioles
Blood in pulses 
Oxygenated
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4
Q

Veins

A 
To heart
Low pressure
Thin, weaker walls
Large lumen 
Valves
Divided into veniole
No pulse 
Deoxygenated
Prevents back-flow and stores blood
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5
Q

Function of capillaries

A

One cell thick for Exchange of materials

E.g. gases, foods

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6
Q

Blood Pressure

A

The force the blood exerts on the wall of the blood vessels

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7
Q

Advantages of double circulation

A

Keeps oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood separate

Blood pressure is high enough to reach all parts of the body

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8
Q

Diastole

A

Heart muscle relaxes

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9
Q

Systole

A

Heart is contracted

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10
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

Blood enters atria by different vessels
The bicuspid and tricuspid valve remain closed
The chambers are relaxed in diastole
Increased volume of blood cause increased pressure in atria
Atria contrast in systole
Valves open and blood flows in ventricles
Atria relaxes and ventricles filled with blood contract
Bicuspid and tricuspid valve close and semi-lunar valves open
Blood is pumped out to the lungs and body
Ventricles relax and semi-lunar valves close
Cycle starts again

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11
Q

Pacemaker

A
  • Sino-atrial node
  • Wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the vena cava
  • Control the rate of heartbeat
  • Sends out electrical impulses to cause atria to contract
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12
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Blood remains in a continuous system of the vessels and exchange materials through the cell of blood vessels
Human

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13
Q

Transports blood out of the muscles of the heart

A

Cardiac vein

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14
Q

Carries very little CO2

A

Pulmonary vein

Doctor

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15
Q

Brings blood into the right atrium

A

Vena cava

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16
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

Links liver with stomach and intestines

17
Q

Movement of blood through veins

A

Voluntary muscles contract

Valves prevent backflow

18
Q

Pulse

A

The alternate contraction and relaxation of an artery as blood passed through it

19
Q

Heart beat

A

Regular, rhythmic contraction of the heart

20
Q

Blood pressure

A

The force the blood exerts on the wall of the blood vessels

21
Q

Which structure is carbon dioxide produced

A

Mitochondrion

22
Q

Why do veins have CO2

A

Veins has collected carbon dioxide from respiration

Arteries has been cleared of CO2 in lungs

23
Q

Role of carbon dioxide in breathing system

A

Medulla oblongata registers blood carbon dioxide levels

More CO2 results in faster breathing

24
Q

Name of two circuits

A

Systematic circuit

Pulmonary circuit

25
Q

Systematic circuit

A

Carries blood away from heart
Delivers it to most of organs and tissues
Returns it to heart again

26
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Carries blood between heart and lungs

27
Q

Diet

A

• High in saturated fats
Increases blood pressure and atherosclerosis, causes a build up of cholesterol
• High in salt
Increases blood pressure, salt levels increase in blood volume without increase in circulatory system volume (water is taken in)

28
Q

Exercise

A

Stimulates an increase in heart rate and blood pressure
Increases strength of heart
Long term: stronger heart, lower BP
Strengthens cardiac muscle

29
Q

Smoking

A

Highly addictive
Nicotine - addictive drug
Causes an increase in heart rate and blood pressure
Can lead to heart disease and stroke

30
Q

Atrial-ventricular node

A
  • Near the septum wall between the atria and ventricles

* Receives electrical impulses from SA node to control the heart rate

31
Q

Cardiac Cycle

Stage 1

A
  • Atria receives blood and begins to fill at the same time
  • Bicuspid and tricuspid valve remain closed
  • Chambers are in diastole
  • Increased volume of blood causes increased pressure in atria
  • Atria contracts (systole)
32
Q

Cardiac Cycle

Stage 2

A
  • Bicuspid and tricuspid valve open and blood flows into the ventricles
  • Atria relaxes and ventricles now filles with blood contract (systole)
  • Bicuspid and tricuspid valve close and semi-lunar valve open
  • Blood is forced to pulmonary artery and aorta
  • Ventricles relax (diastole)
  • Semi-lunar valves close
  • Cycle starts again
33
Q

What are the arteries made from

A
  • Outer layer - collagen (connective tissue)
  • Inner layers - elastic tissue and smooth muscle
  • Innermost layer is called endothelium
34
Q

How Pacemaker works

A
  • Pacemaker sends out electrical impulses that cause Atria to contract
  • Impulses reach AV node and pulse is strengthened and sent to Purkinje fibers
  • Causes wall of ventricles to contract and heart beats

Biology (38 decks)

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