Kingdom Monera (Bacteria) Flashcards
Spherical
Coccus/cocci
Round in shape
Staphylococcus aureus
In skin naturally
Spiral
Spirillum/spirilla
Spiral in shape
Helicobacter pylori
Stomach and duodenum
Rod
Bacillus/bacilli
Rod shaped
Escherichia coli
Digestive system
How does bacteria reproduce
Asexually by binary fission
DNA replication, increase in size
Two pieces of DNA move to opposite sides of the cell
Cell divides (cytokinesis)
Binary fission occurs
Every 20 Minutes
Mutations occur at random in bacteria
How bacteria dies
Food supply runs out Toxins build up Binary fission slows down Bacterial death increases Few bacteria alive from endospores
Endospore formation
Bacterial chromosomes replicate
One of the new strands become enclosed by a tough-walled endospore formed inside the parent cell
Parent cell breaks down
Endospores remain dominant for a period of time
Favorable conditions, a new bacterium can be formed again and continue to reproduce
Growth curve for bacteria
Log
Lag
Stationary
Death and decline
Types of bacterial nutrition
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic nutrition
Saprophytic: whey bacteria feed off dead organic matter, e.g. bacteria of decay
Parasitic: causes disease, e.g. streptoccocci
Types of bacteria
Spherical (coccus/cocci)
Spiral (spirillum/spirilla)
Rod (bacillus/bacilli)
Autotrophic nutrition
Photosynthetic: purple sulfur bacteria
Chemosynthetic: nitrifying bacteria
Factors for bacterial growth
Temperature pH Oxygen External solute concentration Pressure
Useful bacteria
Lactic acid - curdling milk to make dairy products, intestines for growth of good bacteria
E Coli
Large intestine to produce Vitamin B & K and genetic engineering
Harmful bacteria
Streptococcus pyogenes - sore throat and scarlet fever
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - serious infection of lungs
