DNA and Evolution Flashcards
What is the Role of DNA
To tell a cell what enzymes to make
What gives protein their SPECIFIC function
The arrangement of amino acids
What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule
Sequence of bases in DNA
Codon
A group of three bases for a single amino acids
What does a Polymerase Enzyme do
Attaches to the linked amino acids to make RNA
Where does Protein Synthesis occur
Ribosome
Via Messenger RNA
Role of mRNA
Formed to match DNA (transcription)
Leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm
Carries the instructions for making protein (translation)
Role of rRNA
Part of the ribosome
Holds mRNA in place for translation
Role of tRNA
Contains and amino acid and an anti-codon
Carries the amino acid complementary to the mRNA to the ribosome
When does a DNA double helix unwind
During protein synthesis through enzymes
Name the Purines
Adenine and guanine
Name the pyrimidines
Cystosine and thymine
What has double bonds in DNA
Adenine and thymine
Where does Transcription happen
Nucleus
Where does Translation happen
Cytoplasm
Why is folding needed
For the protein to carry out it’s function
Protein Synthesis
Transcription
Translation
Protein folds
Transcription
- DNA double helix unwinds
- Two DNA strands separate between the bases where the gene is located
- RNA polymerase synthesises mRNA using one of the strands of DNA as a template
Translation
- mRNA moves to cytoplasm and attaches with ribosome
- tRNA in the cytoplasm and is responsible for carrying one amino acid
- tRNA lines up with the mRNA in the ribosome and an amino acids are joined together
- This process continues until the stop codon on the mRNA is reached
- the protein is released and folds up into its active form and goes and carries out its specific function
