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Biology > DNA and Evolution > Flashcards

DNA and Evolution Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the Role of DNA

A

To tell a cell what enzymes to make

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2
Q

What gives protein their SPECIFIC function

A

The arrangement of amino acids

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3
Q

What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule

A

Sequence of bases in DNA

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4
Q

Codon

A

A group of three bases for a single amino acids

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5
Q

What does a Polymerase Enzyme do

A

Attaches to the linked amino acids to make RNA

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6
Q

Where does Protein Synthesis occur

A

Ribosome

Via Messenger RNA

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7
Q

Role of mRNA

A

Formed to match DNA (transcription)
Leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm
Carries the instructions for making protein (translation)

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8
Q

Role of rRNA

A

Part of the ribosome

Holds mRNA in place for translation

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9
Q

Role of tRNA

A

Contains and amino acid and an anti-codon

Carries the amino acid complementary to the mRNA to the ribosome

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10
Q

When does a DNA double helix unwind

A

During protein synthesis through enzymes

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11
Q

Name the Purines

A

Adenine and guanine

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12
Q

Name the pyrimidines

A

Cystosine and thymine

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13
Q

What has double bonds in DNA

A

Adenine and thymine

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14
Q

Where does Transcription happen

A

Nucleus

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15
Q

Where does Translation happen

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

Why is folding needed

A

For the protein to carry out it’s function

17
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

Transcription
Translation
Protein folds

18
Q

Transcription

A
  • DNA double helix unwinds
  • Two DNA strands separate between the bases where the gene is located
  • RNA polymerase synthesises mRNA using one of the strands of DNA as a template
19
Q

Translation

A
  • mRNA moves to cytoplasm and attaches with ribosome
  • tRNA in the cytoplasm and is responsible for carrying one amino acid
  • tRNA lines up with the mRNA in the ribosome and an amino acids are joined together
  • This process continues until the stop codon on the mRNA is reached
  • the protein is released and folds up into its active form and goes and carries out its specific function

Biology (38 decks)

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