Chapter 7: Diversity of Life Flashcards
Tissue
A group of similar cells with a shared function
Animal tissues
Epithelial
Nervous
Muscular
Connective
Epithelial cells
A number of different types of cells that cover something, typically an organ
E.g. Skin, the inner lining of the blood vessels, the respiratory system
Function of epithelial tissues
Protection Gas exchange Excretion Temperature regulation Energy source
Examples of muscular tissues
Smooth-muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary muscle
We have conscious control over it
E.g, biceps and triceps
Smooth-muscle
The muscle in our arteries, veins and digestive system
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle
Unconscious control
Doesn’t tire easily
E.g. Heart
Function of muscular tissues
Movement
Nervous tissues
Highly specialised cells with short and long projections that are capable of sending electrical impulses
Function of the nervous tissue
Causes us to respond to a stimulus
Connective tissues
Connects/binds other tissues together
Function of connective-tissue
Support, protection and movement
E.g. Plasma in the blood
Plant tissues
Epidermal
Vascular
Ground
Epidermal tissue
Layer of cells that make up the outer covering of the plant
Function of the epidermal tissue
Aerial parts - protection
Roots parts - absorbs water
Ground tissues
Many unspecialised cells that make up the bulk of the plant
E.g. carrots and potatoes
Function of ground tissue
Stores nutrients like starch in storage organs (stem/roots)
In leaves for photosynthesis
In roots to transports water and minerals to vascular tissues
Vascular tissues
Phloem - transport food around the plant
Xylem - transports water and nutrients to aerial parts of the plant
Function of vascular tissues
Transport substances around the plant
How to grow plant cells
Micropropagation
Isolated cells
Cells multiply by mitosis
Callus —> Embryo —> Plant
How to grow animal cells
Skin grafting Skin cells obtained Enzymes added Individual cells isolated Controlled culture medium Sheets of cells grown
Advantages of micro propagation
Large quantities in a short time
Genetically identical
Inexpensive
