Chapter 3: Food Flashcards
Function of food
Growth
Energy
Repair
Monosaccharides
Glucose. Fructose. Galactose
Smallest single sugar
Sweet
Soluble in water
Disaccharides
Maltose. Sucrose. Lactose
2 mono - water
Sweet
Soluble in water
Polysaccharides
Storage Starch (P) Glycogen (A) Structural Celulose (P) Chitin (A) Many monosaccharides Not sweet Not soluble in water
General formula of carbohydrates
Cx(H2O)y
Test for glucose/reducing sugar
Benedict solution
heat
Blue ——> brick red
🔺
Types of lipids
Fats Saturated Solid (animals) Blockages (Cholesterol) Oils Unsaturated Liquid (plants/fish)
Simplest unit of fats
Triglyceride
Phospholipids
Sources of lipids
Saturated
Butter, margarine, lard
Unsaturated
Rapeseed oil, vegetable oil, sunflower oil
Function of lipids
Provide insulation
Energy source
Necessary to absorb fat-soluble vitamins
Test for lipids
Brown paper bag
Translucent spot
Test for starch
Iodine
Red/yellow ——> Blue/black
Test for protein
Biuret test
Sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate
Blue —> purple
Biomolecules
Protein - C1 H1 O1 N (S, P, FE)
Lipid - C1 H1 O (no fixed ratio)
Carbohydrates - C6 H12 O6
Vitamins
Simplest unit of protein
20 common Amino acids
Essential and non-essential
Held by peptide bonds
Types of protein
Structural Keratin (hair) Myosin (muscles) Fibrous Little folding Metabolic Enzymes and hormones Globular Folded
Sources of protein
Lean meat
Chicken
Lentils
Beans
Vitamins
Essential organic molecules required for metabolism and a healthy body
Fat solvable vitamins
Vitamin D
Cod liver oil
Deficiency: rickets
Needed to absorb calcium
Water soluble vitamin
Vitamin C
citrus fruits
Deficiency: scurvy
Needed for formation of collagen (connective tissue)
Examples of minerals
Animals
Iron - formation of haemoglobin in the blood
Calcium - strong bones and teeth
Plants
Calcium - formation of middle lamella (cell walls)
Magnesium - formation of chlorophyll
Minerals
Elements required in very small amounts for the body
Trace element
Very little elements needed for the body
Zinc
Why we need water
Medium for metabolism
Excellent solvent
Very good to transport
Subdivision for metabolism
Catabolism
Anabolism
Catabolism
A chemical reaction where larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules, e.g, digestion
amylase
Starch —————> maltose
Anabolism
A chemical reaction where smaller molecules are joined together to form larger molecules, e.g, photosynthesis
☀️
6CO2 + 6H2O ——————> 6O2 + C6H12O6
chlorophyll
Definition of biomolecules
Organic chemicals produced and found only within living organisms
Non-metallic element in protein
Sulfur
Where are Phospholipids found
Cell membrane
What is the Approximate percentage of Water by mass in a human cell
70-95%
