Chapter 3: Food

Question 1

Function of food

Answer 1

Growth
Energy
Repair

Question 2

Monosaccharides

Answer 2

Glucose. Fructose. Galactose
Smallest single sugar
Sweet
Soluble in water

Question 3

Disaccharides

Answer 3

Maltose. Sucrose. Lactose
2 mono - water
Sweet
Soluble in water

Question 4

Polysaccharides

Answer 4

Storage
Starch (P)
Glycogen (A)
Structural
Celulose (P)
Chitin (A)
Many monosaccharides
Not sweet
Not soluble in water

Question 5

General formula of carbohydrates

Answer 5

Cx(H2O)y

Question 6

Test for glucose/reducing sugar

Answer 6

Benedict solution
heat
Blue ——> brick red
🔺

Question 7

Types of lipids

Answer 7

Fats
Saturated
Solid (animals)
Blockages (Cholesterol)
Oils
Unsaturated
Liquid (plants/fish)

Question 8

Simplest unit of fats

Answer 8

Triglyceride

Phospholipids

Question 9

Sources of lipids

Answer 9

Saturated
Butter, margarine, lard
Unsaturated
Rapeseed oil, vegetable oil, sunflower oil

Question 10

Function of lipids

Answer 10

Provide insulation
Energy source
Necessary to absorb fat-soluble vitamins

Question 11

Test for lipids

Answer 11

Brown paper bag

Translucent spot

Question 12

Test for starch

Answer 12

Iodine

Red/yellow ——> Blue/black

Question 13

Test for protein

Answer 13

Biuret test
Sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate
Blue —> purple

Question 14

Biomolecules

Answer 14

Protein - C1 H1 O1 N (S, P, FE)
Lipid - C1 H1 O (no fixed ratio)
Carbohydrates - C6 H12 O6
Vitamins

Question 15

Simplest unit of protein

Answer 15

20 common Amino acids
Essential and non-essential
Held by peptide bonds

Question 16

Types of protein

Answer 16

Structural
Keratin (hair)
Myosin (muscles)
Fibrous
Little folding
Metabolic
Enzymes and hormones
Globular
Folded

Question 17

Sources of protein

Answer 17

Lean meat
Chicken
Lentils
Beans

Question 18

Vitamins

Answer 18

Essential organic molecules required for metabolism and a healthy body

Question 19

Fat solvable vitamins

Answer 19

Vitamin D
Cod liver oil
Deficiency: rickets
Needed to absorb calcium

Question 20

Water soluble vitamin

Answer 20

Vitamin C
citrus fruits
Deficiency: scurvy
Needed for formation of collagen (connective tissue)

Question 21

Examples of minerals

Answer 21

Animals
Iron - formation of haemoglobin in the blood
Calcium - strong bones and teeth
Plants
Calcium - formation of middle lamella (cell walls)
Magnesium - formation of chlorophyll

Question 22

Minerals

Answer 22

Elements required in very small amounts for the body

Question 23

Trace element

Answer 23

Very little elements needed for the body

Zinc

Question 24

Why we need water

Answer 24

Medium for metabolism
Excellent solvent
Very good to transport

Question 25

Subdivision for metabolism

Answer 25

Catabolism

Anabolism

Question 26

Catabolism

Answer 26

A chemical reaction where larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules, e.g, digestion
amylase
Starch —————> maltose

Question 27

Anabolism

Answer 27

A chemical reaction where smaller molecules are joined together to form larger molecules, e.g, photosynthesis
☀️
6CO2 + 6H2O ——————> 6O2 + C6H12O6
chlorophyll

Question 28

Definition of biomolecules

Answer 28

Organic chemicals produced and found only within living organisms

Question 29

Non-metallic element in protein

Answer 29

Sulfur

Question 30

Where are Phospholipids found

Answer 30

Cell membrane

Question 31

What is the Approximate percentage of Water by mass in a human cell

Answer 31

70-95%