Skeleton And Muscles Flashcards
Functions of Skeleton
Support
Shape
Protection
Axial Skeleton
Skull - 22 bones
Vertebrae
Ribs - 12 pairs
Sternum
Spine
33 vertebrae 7 - neck 12 - chest 5 - Small of back 5 - hip 4 - tail
Ribs
12 pairs
7 - True - Sternum
3 - False - Rib
2 - Floating - None
Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral and pelvic girdle
Arms and legs
Compact Bone
- Contains osteoblasts enclosed in a matrix
- Inorganic salts for strength
- Organic material (collagen) for flexibility
Medullary Cavity
- Contains bone marrow
- Red Marrow - makes blood cells
- Yellow marrow - stores fat
Spongy bone
- Compact bone with pockets of bone marrow
- Catabolic cells remove calcium from inside medullary cavity
- Strength and lightness to bones
Ossification
The replacing of cartilage with bone
How we grow
Osteoblasts form bone matrix to extend the length of the bone
Factors influencing Growth
Physical activity
Diet
Human growth hormone levels
Ligaments
Bone to bone
Tendons
Muscle to bone
Joint
Where two or more vines meet
Immovable joint
No movement between bones
Strength and protection
Skull
Slightly movable joint
Small amount of movement between bones
Joints between vertebrae
Freely movable joints/ Synovial joints
Cartilage covering ends
• Ball and socket - Hips, Shoulder
• Hinge - Elbow, Knee
ARTHRITIS
CAUSE: Swelling of the joints
SYMPTOMS: Inflammation in one or more joints, pain and restricted movement
PREVENTION: Reducing wear and tear on specific joints - not overexercising
TREATMENT: Joint Replacement
Antagonistic Pair
Two muscles that have opposite actions
Biceps and triceps
