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Biology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Two parts of the nervous system

A

CNS - Central Nervous System

PNS - Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell

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3
Q

Types of Neurons

A

Sensory Neuron - to CNS
Motor Neuron - away to muscles and glands
Interneuron - within CNS

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4
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive information

Carry electrical impulse towards cell body

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5
Q

Axons

A

Carry electrical impulses AWAY from cell body

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6
Q

Cell body

A

Contains a nucleus

Forms dendrites and axons

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7
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulates electrical impulses

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8
Q

Schwann cells

A

Secretes myelin sheath

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9
Q

Neurotransmitter swellings

A

Produce neurotransmitter chemicals

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10
Q

Movement of an Impulse

A

Receives a stimulus of sufficient strength
Ions move in and out of dendrites and axons
Electrical impulse travels along a neuron

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11
Q

Threshold

A

Least possible stimulus needed to send an impulse

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12
Q

Features of a nerve impulse

A

All or nothing rule (threshold is reached or not)
Impulses travel at same speed
Delay between impulses (to allow message to pass between neurons)
Only travel from sensory to motor neurons

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13
Q

Synapse

A

A region where two neurons come in close contact

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14
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Tiny gap between two neurons

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15
Q

Events at a Synapse

A
  • Electrical impulse at synapse stimulates release of neurotransmitter chemicals
  • Chemicals diffuse along synaptic cleft
  • Chemicals Enter neuron and are broken down
  • Electrical impulse is regenerated
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16
Q

Function of Synapse

A

Control the direction of impulses in the nervous system

17
Q

What surrounds the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges (3 membranes) and cerebro-spinal fluid

18
Q

Color of cell bodies

A

Grey

19
Q

Color of myelin sheath (near dendrites and axons)

A

White

20
Q

Cerebrum

A

Conscious movement

Senses, intelligence, personality

21
Q

Left hemisphere of brain

A

Language, maths, logic

22
Q

Right side of brain

A

Music, art, emotions, shapes

23
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance

Muscular co-ordination

24
Q

Medulla

A

Involuntary muscles

25
Q

Thalamus

A

Sorting centre for the brain

Directs incoming impulses to correct part of brain

26
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Homeostasis

27
Q

Meninges

A

Surrounds and enclose entry of materials to brain and spinal cord

28
Q

Spinal nerves

A

31 pairs

Carry impulses to and from spinal cord

29
Q

Dorsal root

A

Carries impulses into spinal cord along sensory neurons

30
Q

Ganglion

A

Swelling that contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons

31
Q

White matter

A

Contains Axons

32
Q

Grey Matter

A

Contains cell bodies

33
Q

Central Canal

A

Contains cerebrospinal fluid

34
Q

Ventral Root

A

Carries impulse OUT OF the spinal cord along motor neurons

35
Q

Reflex Action

A

Automatic, involuntary or unconscious response to a stimulus
• Knee jerk, blinking for protection
• Protect the body from harm through faster responses

36
Q

Reflex Arc

A

Path taken by electrical impulse

37
Q

Events of a Reflex Action

A
  • Receptors on finger detect reflex action
  • Impulse travels along sensory neuron to spinal cord into spine through dorsal root
  • Impulse splits: crosses Synapse onto an interneuron/crosses another Synapse to brain (brain becomes aware)
  • Impulse crosses another synapse from interneuron and travels out of ventral root
  • Motor neutron connects to a muscle that causes the response
38
Q

PARKINSON’S DISEASE

A

CAUSE: Failure to produce dopamine
SYMPTOMS: Trembling of hands and legs, muscular stiffness, difficulty in waking
PREVENTION: Protective clothes from pesticides
TREATMENT: Levadopa (drugs)

Biology (38 decks)

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